AN OVERVIEW OF THE SARS-COV-2 MUTATIONAL PROFILE IN RELATION TO VARIANT OF CONCERNS (VOC): A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
COVID-19, Corona virus, Mutant, Omicron, Pandemic
Abstract
The current review provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations that are of interest. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the whole world at a significant influence on all levels. Variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 are more transmissible, with the potential to increase infection severity and reduce vaccination efficacy. To date, seven varieties of concern (VOCs) have emerged from the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Lambda, Omicron and Mu. In relation to VOCs, there is strong agreement that developing a more effective COVID-19 vaccine is the most important way to push the COVID-19 pandemic to endemic phase. The rapid development of vaccine candidates and beginning of vaccination trials is the consequence of an extraordinary scientific effort and worldwide collaboration. Apart from the vaccination as a preventive measure, several antibodies are being tested or developed as treatment options for COVID-19. But it is important to anticipate whether the new emerging VOCs will remain receptive to antibody therapy or vaccines when they emerge. There is a possible expectation that the worldwide immunization campaign and treatment options will put the COVID-19 pandemic to an endemic era. However, still there are questions regarding what kind of long-term effects the virus and its VOCs will have on humans. Pockets of susceptible individuals and waning immunity after infection or vaccination and recovery, changes in the virus through antigenic drift that decreases the protection, and re-entries from zoonotic reservoirs may all contribute to COVID-19 persistence as an endemic virus, possibly with seasonal epidemic peaks.
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Jul 10, 2023
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Ali A. Rabaan, Jeehan H. Alestad, Muhammad A. Halwani, Mohammed Garout, Wadha A. Alfouzan, David Chinaecherem Innocent, Hibah A. Alzayer, Qasim S. Alkhaleefah, Sana A. Alshaikh, Salma AlBahrani, Yousef N. Alhashem, Tarek Sulaiman, Hind S. Bugshan, Kovy Arteaga-Livias, Shawqi A Almushrif, Maha A. Al-Mozaini, & Amal H. Alfaraj. (2023). AN OVERVIEW OF THE SARS-COV-2 MUTATIONAL PROFILE IN RELATION TO VARIANT OF CONCERNS (VOC): A NARRATIVE REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(17), 112–132. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.17.09
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Author Biographies
Ali A. Rabaan
Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
Jeehan H. Alestad
Immunology and Infectious Microbiology department, University of Glasgow G1 1XQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Muhammad A. Halwani
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University. Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Garout
Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm AlQura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Wadha A. Alfouzan
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
David Chinaecherem Innocent
Department of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri 460114, Imo State Nigeria
Hibah A. Alzayer
Microbiology department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
Qasim S. Alkhaleefah
Microbiology department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Huffuf 36422, Saudi Arabia
Sana A. Alshaikh
Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Maternity & children hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
Salma AlBahrani
Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Yousef N. Alhashem
Depatment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Mohammed AlMana College of Health Sciences, Dammam, 34222, Saudi Arabia
Tarek Sulaiman
Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Hind S. Bugshan
Infection Prevention & Control, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
Kovy Arteaga-Livias
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15001, Peru
Shawqi A Almushrif
Department of Microbiology and Hematology Laboratory, Dammam Comprehensive Screening Centre, Dammam 31433, Saudi Arabia
Maha A. Al-Mozaini
Immunocompromised Host Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Amal H. Alfaraj
Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia