A Combinatory Approach of Plasma Lipidomic and Proteomic Markers to Predict Glycemic Deterioration in Type 2 Diabetes
Main Article Content
Keywords
Plasma Lipidomic, Proteomic Markers, Glycemic Deterioration, Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
Background: Precision medicine aims to take step further by not applying generic treatment methods to treat complex metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) but instead customizing interventions to individual variation. The multi-omics research indicates that lipidomic and proteomic data can be used to explain the heterogeneity of T2D. The metabolic syndrome raises circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-18 (IL-18) before the onset of T2D but signaled by integrated lipids including triglycerides and fasting glucose are becoming emerging surrogate indicators of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk.
Objective: To develop a quantitative multi-omics study, which investigates the role of plasma lipids (triacylglycerols and sphingomyelin) and proteomic (IL-18 receptor 1 and testican-1) markers in predicting glycaemic deterioration in T2D patients in combination with clinical variables (age, body-mass index (BMI), and fasting glucose).
Methods: A hospital-based analytical cohort of 200 adults with T2D attending Teaching Hospital, Narowal, Pakistan, was structured to examine age, BMI, fasting glucose, triacylglycerols, sphingomyelin, IL-18 receptor 1, testican-1, baseline HbA1c, follow-up HbA1c, and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. Glycaemic deterioration (ΔHbA1c) was defined as the change in HbA1c over one year. Independent associations between biochemical markers and glycaemic deterioration were assessed using multiple linear regression adjusted for age and BMI. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and graphical summaries were used to present the findings.Results: IL -18 receptor 1 was most significantly positively correlated with glycaemic deterioration (= 0.42 per cent change in HbA1c per increase in ng mL -1 = -0.001). Triacylglycerides were positively but not significantly related following a multivariate adjustment of other variables (β = 0.0004% per mg dL -1; p = 0.27). Age had a small negative relationship with glycaemic deterioration (0.003 by per cent/year; p 0.03), but there were no significant relationships between testican-1 and BMI. The heatmaps of correlation showed that there was a high correlation between the TyG index and triacylglycerols/fasting glucose, as well as IL-18 receptor 1 and glycaemic deterioration. A scatter plot was used to show the positive linear relationship between IL-18 receptor 1 and ΔHbA1c, the regression coefficient plot gave precedence to the predictors.
Conclusion: This hospital-based analytical study indicates that, among commonly measured plasma lipids and proteins, IL-18 receptor 1 is a relevant predictor of glycaemic deterioration in T2D. These results align with recent multi-omics studies indicating that IL-18 signalling and triacylglycerols represent significant molecular markers that distinguish T2D sub-populations and that circulating IL-18 is up-regulated during metabolic syndrome and before the development of T2D. The combination of lipidomic and proteomic biomarkers may improve risk stratification and support personalized interventions in T2D.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf
ssociate Professor, Department of Physiology, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad,
Mutayyaba Majeed
Assistant Professor Department of Physiology, Independent Medical College, Faisalabad,
Naveed A. Khawaja
Associate Professor / HOD, Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, CIMS Dental College, Multan, NUMS, Pakistan
Amna Akram
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sahara Medical College Narowal,
Ayesha Zubair
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
Fahad Sarfraz
Associate Professor, Department of Medical Education, CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
