METABOLIC COMORBIDITIES IN HOSPITALIZED ADULTS: A STUDY OF DIABETES, DYSLIPIDEMIA, OBESITY AND CHRONIC ORGAN DISEASE.
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Keywords
Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Obesity.
Abstract
Background:The coexistence of multiple metabolic conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension is increasingly prevalent among hospitalized adults and is associated with significant end-organ damage. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic profile, prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, biochemical parameters, and their association with chronic organ disease in hospitalized adults at a tertiary care center.
Methods:A hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 12 months (January–December 2021) in the Department of Medicine at a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 120 adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with at least one confirmed metabolic comorbidity were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical investigations including HbA1c, fasting lipid profile, serum creatinine, and blood pressure were recorded using a structured proforma. Diagnostic criteria from ADA 2021, JNC 8, NCEP-ATP III, and harmonized IDF/AHA/NHLBI guidelines were applied.
Results: The majority of patients were in the 41–60 years age group (45.0%), male (56.7%), urban residents (61.7%), and of middle socio-economic status (51.7%). Hypertension was the most prevalent metabolic comorbidity (75.0%), followed by T2DM (68.3%), dyslipidemia (63.3%), and metabolic syndrome (48.3%). Over two-thirds of patients had excess body weight (obesity 36.7%; overweight 31.7%). All mean biochemical parameters — BMI ( kg/m²), HbA1c (%), total cholesterol ( mg/dL), triglycerides ( mg/dL), serum creatinine ( mg/dL), and systolic BP ( mmHg) — exceeded normal reference ranges. NAFLD was the most prevalent chronic organ complication (35.0%), followed by CKD (26.7%) and CAD (23.3%). A statistically significant stepwise increase in chronic organ disease was observed with increasing number of metabolic conditions: 18.2% with one condition, 39.1% with two, and 69.2% with three or more conditions (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: A high prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and their significant cumulative association with chronic organ disease was observed among hospitalized adults. The dose-dependent relationship between metabolic burden and end-organ involvement highlights the urgent need for integrated, multidisciplinary management strategies targeting all coexisting metabolic risk factors simultaneously to prevent progressive organ damage.
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Dr Sharad Mishra
Post Graduate Medical Officer (PGMO) Medicine, District Hospital Dhar MP.
Dr Ankur Chhari
Assistant Professor, Dept of General Medicine People’s Medical College Bhopal MP.
Dr Pushpendra Mishra
PG Resident, Dept of General Medicine People’s Medical College Bhopal MP.
Dr. Shweta Pandey
PG Resident, Department of Prosthodontics Crown And Bridge and Implantology Government College Of Dentistry Indore MP.
