COMPARISON OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS BETWEEN EARLY AND LATE-ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Keywords
Neonates, LOS, EOS, Hematological, Sepsis etc.
Abstract
Introduction- Neonatal sepsis, a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, is categorized into early-onset and late-onset based on timing. Hematological parameters serve as crucial diagnostic tools. This study compares hematological profiles in early- and late-onset neonatal sepsis to identify distinguishing features and support improved diagnosis and management strategies.
Material and method- This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2023 and included 120 neonates diagnosed with sepsis—70 with early-onset sepsis (EOS) and 50 with late-onset sepsis (LOS). Blood samples were collected aseptically and analyzed using automated hematology analyzers. Hematological parameters were compared between groups. Data were processed using SPSS version 20, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result- In present study neonates with EOS had significantly higher gestational age and birth weight. Hematologically, EOS was characterized by significantly lower total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, elevated immature-to-total neutrophil (I/T) ratio, and more frequent thrombocytopenia. Conversely, LOS presented with more leukocytosis. EOS was predominantly caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while LOS by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Respiratory distress was more prevalent in EOS, while poor feeding was more common in LOS. Risk factors for EOS included prolonged rupture of membranes and maternal fever, while LOS was linked to low birth weight and invasive procedures.
Conclusion- This study underscores the hematological differences between EOS and LOS, highlighting their distinct etiologies and immune responses. Recognizing these profiles aids early diagnosis, supports targeted therapy, and informs screening and antibiotic stewardship for improved neonatal outcomes.
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Dr. Ashish Kumar Basant
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College and Hospital, Palamu, India
Dr. Mukesh Kumar
Medical Officer, Sadar Hospital, Katihar, India
Dr. Shristi Sneh
PG Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences,
Ranchi, India
Dr. Archana Kumari
Medical Officer, APHC, Bahadurpur, Khagaria, India