ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND THEIR CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
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Keywords
Cardiovascular system, anatomical variations, clinical implications, coronary anomalies, diagnostic imaging, personalized medicine.
Abstract
Introduction: Two main structural differences within the cardiovascular system play a major role in the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. It is essential and necessary to comprehend these differences so as to enhance patient care and surgical results.
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of anatomical variations in the cardiovascular system, focusing on cardiac chambers, blood vessels, and autonomic innervation.
Materials and Methods: The following a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at National Institute of Cardiovascular diseases Karachi Pakistan for a period of six months. Information was obtained by employing diagnostic imaging that included DSA, CT angiography, echocardiography, and MRI. Two hundred participants who meet certain eligibility criteria were recruited.
Results: LVH was seen in 25% of patients, coronary artery anomalies in 30%, and anomalies in the circle of Willis in 20% of patients. Variations were largely related to demographic factors and other diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
Conclusion: Anatomical variations exist and have a profound clinical significance. It was realized that the provision of advanced technologies and individual patient approaches are critical to better management and results.
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Dr Shahid Maqbool Korai
Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy Al Tibri Medical College;
Dr Devi Kumari
Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy Al Tibri Medical College,
Dr Marvi Zaur
Senior lecturer Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy Al Tibri Medical College,
Dr Naveen Aleem
Lecturer, Department of Anatomy Al Tibri Medical College,
Dr Aiman Khan
Lecturer, Department of Anatomy Al Tibri Medical College,
Dr Rubbiya Javed
Lecturer, Department of Anatomy Al Tibri Medical College,
Sajeela furqanullah
Lecturer, Department of Anatomy Al Tibri Medical College
Dr Ghufran Hyder
Lecturer, Department of Forensic Medicine Al Tibri Medical College