ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE: HYPONATREMIA HYPERKALEMIA AND HYPOCALCEMIA
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Keywords
Electrolyte imbalances, kidney disease, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
Abstract
Background: Hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia are common abnormalities in patients with renal disease because of the inability of the kidneys to maintain electrolyte balance. These disturbances cause a lot of morbidity and mortality hence prompt diagnosis and management are important.
Objectives: To assess the rates, prognostic impact and coping with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia in patients with kidney diseases as well as the outcomes of applied therapy.
Study design: A Cross Sectional study
Place and Duration of study. January 2022 to March 2022 in a Urology MTI BKMC/MMC Mardan Pakistan
Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study targeted 100 kidney disease patients; aged 30–75 years in the study year; January 2022 to March 2022. Patient baseline data, simple blood electrolytes, and treatment outcome measurements were taken. All statistical analyses were handled using SPSS version 24.0 and the level of significance was set at 0.05, standard deviation was also computed.
Results: Among 100 patients (mean age: 58.We noted a mean age of 2 ± 9.3 years, 60% had hyponatremia (mean sodium: 128.5 ± 4.2 mmol/L; p < 0.01), 45% had hyperkalemia (mean potassium: 5.7 ± 0.6 mmol/L; p < 0.05), and 35% had hypocalcemia ( The effectiveness of timely interventions that were made led to enhanced positive clinical success.
Conclusion: The data also show that electrolyte disturbances are frequent in patients with kidney disease and their effects are profound. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia should be specifically defined at an early period about the disease and have to be treated to minimize complications and death rate.
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Zafar Ahmad Khan
Assistant Professor Urology MTI BKMC/MMC Mardan Pakistan
Rahmat Ali khan
Assistant Professor Nephrology Miangul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb Kidney Hospital Swat Pakistan
Najmuddin
Associate Professor Department of Nephrology Mercy Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan
Atta Mohmmand Khan
Associate Prof Department of Medicine MTI LRH Peshawar. Pakistan
Shah Fahad
Consultant Nephrologist at Saidu Teaching Hospital Swat Pakistan
Shahid Rizwan Safir
Assistant Prof department of Nephrology Mercy Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan