ENHANCING DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE IN MAIZE CROP THROUGH PGPR INOCULATION: ANALYSIS OF MORPHO-PHSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Drought stress, Maize, PGPR inoculation, Antioxidants, Photosynthetic pigments, Gas exchange attributes
Abstract
Water scarcity is primary abiotic components brutally impede the economically important plants growth and yield world widely. Maize is the main cereal crop, ranked second after wheat cultivated for food, feed and bioenergy production purposes. The primary objective of this investigation is to access the impact of drought stress on biochemical, photosynthetic, and gas exchanging attributes of maize crop by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) application. A pot-based investigation was conducted according to factorial CRD (completely randomized design) with 4 repeats. Seeds of five maize varieties were chosen and planted in loamy nutrient rich soil. Experiment was conducted using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under control (D1) and drought (D2=50% field capacity). The four treatments included, D1P1 (no drought stress+ no PGPR), D1P2 (no drought stress+ PGPR), D2P1 (drought stress+ no PGPR) and D2P2 (drought stress+ PGPR). Results demonstrated that drought stress decreased all studied morpho-physiological characteristics and increased oxidative stress indicators while applying PGPR increased all the attributes such as dry weight of shoot, root, total phenolics, carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, TSP (total soluble proteins), CAT, SOD and POD, ascorbic acid and gas exchange attributes and lower transpiration rate and play a pivotal role in scavenging ROS under drought stress. PGPR also lowers the lipid peroxidation and membrane degradation by reducing MDA and H2O2 levels in PGPR treated plants. These results suggested that PGPR treated maize varieties performed better under drought stress in comparison to non-treated plants. Among all the cultivars examined, FH-1870 performed best under control and drought stress conditions. In contrast, Sahiwal gold cultivar was more sensitive to water deficit condition but upon PGPR application performed best compared to all other cultivars. Therefore, inoculation of maize seeds with rhizobacteria is an effective strategy against drought stress. However further research is needed to explore rhizobacteria potential in different crops under various abiotic and biotic stresses.
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7. Akhtar, N., N. Ilyas, R. Hayat, H. Yasmin, A. Noureldeen, and P. Ahmad 2021. Synergis- tic effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and silicon dioxide nano-particles for amelioration of drought stress in wheat. Plant. Physiol. Biochem., 166: 160-176.
8. Alkahtani, M.D.F., Y.M. Hafez, K. Attia, E. Rashwan, L.A. Husnain, H.I.M. Algwaiz and K.A. Abdelaal. 2021. Evaluation of silicon and proline application on the oxidative machinery in drought-stressed sugar beet. Antioxidants.,10: 386-398.
9. Al-Turki, A., M. Murali, A.F. Omar, M. Rehan, and R.Z. Sayyed. 2023. Recent advances in PGPR-mediated resilience toward interactive effects of drought and salt stress in plants. Front. Microbiol., 14: 121-132.
10. Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol., 24: 1-15.
11. Asghari, B., R. Khademian and B. Sedaghati. 2020. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer drought resistance and stimulate biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) under water shortage condition. Sci. Horticul., 263: 109124-109132.
12. Asrar, A.W.A. and K.M. Elhindi. 2020. Alleviation of drought stress of marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 18: 93-101.
13. Azeem, M.A., F.H. Shah, A. Ullah, K. Ali, D.A. Jones, M.E.H. Khan, and A. Ashraf. 2022. Biochemical characterization of halotolerant Bacillus safensis pm22 and its potential to enhance growth of maize under salinity stress. Plants, 11: 1721-1735.
14. Bouremani, N., H. Cherif-Silini, A. Silini, A.C. Bouket, L. Luptakova, F.N. Alenezi, O. Baranov and Bel-bahri. 2023. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): A rampart against the adverse effects of drought stress. Water, 15: 401-418.
15. Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72(1-2): 248-254.
16. Carmak, I. and W.J. Horst. 1991. Effect of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max). Physiol. Plant., 83(3): 463-478.
17. Chance, B. and A.C. Maehly. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Meth. Enzymol., 2: 764-775.
18. Chaturvedi, S., S. Khan, R.K. Bhunia, K. Kaur and S. Tiwari. 2022. Metabolic engineering in food crops to enhance ascorbic acid production: crop biofortification perspectives for human health. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants. 28: 871-884.
19. Chieb, M. and E.W. Gachomo. 2023. The role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in plant drought stress responses. BMC plant biol., 23: 395-407.
20. Choukri, H., K. Hejjaoui, A. El-Baouchi, N.E. Haddad, A. Smouni, F. Maalouf, D. Thavarajah and S. Kumar. 2020. Heat and drought stress impact on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Front. nutr.,7: 596298-596307.
21. Djalovic, I., S. Kundu, R.N. Bahuguna, A. Pareek, A. Raza, S.L. Singla-Pareek, P.V.V. Prasad and R.K. Varshney. 2023. Maize and heat stress: Physiological, genetic, and molecular insights. Plant Gen., 14: e20378.
22. Ebrahem, M.E., A.T. Mostafa, H.E.E. Mohamed, E.M. Hanan, P.K. Osman, A. Bashir, S.A. Fayssal, Z. Andabaka, G. Madhumita, S. Kumari and A. Bachheti. 2022. Combined use of spent mushroom substrate biochar and PGPR improves growth, yield, and biochemical response of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis): a preliminary study on greenhouse cultivation. Horticulturae., 8: 815-830.
23. Faisal, S., S.M. Mujtaba, M.A. Khan and W.A.J.I.D. Mahboob. 2019. Morpho-physiological assessment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought stress tolerance at seedling stage. Pak. J. Bot., 49: 445-452.
24. Fao 2021. The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food fecurity. Rome: Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations.
25. Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita and S.M.A. Basra. 2019. Plant drought stress, Effects, mechanisms and management. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 29: 185-212.
26. Gaafar, A.A., S.I. Ali, M. Shawadfy, Z.A. Salama, A. Sekara, C. Ulrichs and M.T. Abdelhamid. 2020. Ascorbic acid induces the increase of secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, growth and productivity of the common bean under water stress conditions. Plants, 9: 615-627.
27. Gashash, E.A., N.A. Osman, A.A. Alsahli, H.M. Hewait, A.E. Ashmawi, K.S. Alshallash, A.M. El- Taher, E.S. Azab, El-Raouf and M.F. Ibrahim. 2022. Effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and cyanobacteria on botanical characteristics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) plants. Plants., 11: 2722-2732.
28. Gharibi, S., B.E.S. Tabatabaei, G. Saeidi, and S.A.H. Goli. 2019. Effect of drought stress on total phenolic, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of Achillea species. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 178: 796-809.
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Aug 25, 2024
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MAHRUKH, IRFANA LALARUKH, Muhammad Shahbaz, Rumana Sadiq, & Madiha Ilyas. (2024). ENHANCING DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE IN MAIZE CROP THROUGH PGPR INOCULATION: ANALYSIS OF MORPHO-PHSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 3108-3126. https://doi.org/10.53555/yp5sya79
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Author Biographies
MAHRUKH
Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
IRFANA LALARUKH
Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Shahbaz
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
Rumana Sadiq
Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
Madiha Ilyas
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
How to Cite
MAHRUKH, IRFANA LALARUKH, Muhammad Shahbaz, Rumana Sadiq, & Madiha Ilyas. (2024). ENHANCING DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE IN MAIZE CROP THROUGH PGPR INOCULATION: ANALYSIS OF MORPHO-PHSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 3108-3126. https://doi.org/10.53555/yp5sya79