EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP DISORDERS AND ORAL HEALTH
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Abstract
Background: Sleep disorders are increasingly recognized as a public health concern, affecting various aspects of overall health, including oral health. Conditions like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, and bruxism can directly or indirectly influence oral health by contributing to issues such as xerostomia, periodontal disease, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and tooth wear. The relationship between sleep disorders and oral health remains underexplored, necessitating further investigation.
Objective: This study aims to examine the association between sleep disorders and oral health in adult patients by assessing the prevalence and impact of common sleep disorders on oral health conditions such as dry mouth, gum disease, and tooth erosion.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 adult patients diagnosed with sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, and bruxism. Diagnosis of sleep disorders were confirmed through polysomnography (85%) and patient-reported questionnaires (15%). Oral health assessments were carried out using clinical examinations of the teeth, gums, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Data collection focused on oral hygiene habits, salivary flow rates using the modified Schirmer test, and the presence of dental caries or periodontal disease through the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) technique. Statistical analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify relationships between sleep disorders and oral health conditions.
Results: The study found that patients with obstructive sleep apnea showed a higher prevalence of periodontal disease (58%) and xerostomia (45%) compared to those without sleep disorders. Bruxism was associated with significant tooth wear (67%) and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) (52%). Insomnia patients reported higher levels of dry mouth discomfort (41%). These results remained statistically significant even after adjusting for confounding factors like age, smoking, and diet, indicating a strong correlation between sleep disorders and compromised oral health.
Conclusion: Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, bruxism, and insomnia are significantly associated with poor oral health outcomes, including periodontal disease, tooth wear, and dry mouth. This study underscores the importance of integrating oral health assessments into the management of patients with sleep disorders. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms linking sleep disorders with oral health deterioration and to develop preventive strategies for improving overall patient well-being
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Dr Samra Bokhari
Senior Registrar,National Institute of Child Health Karachi BDS, FCPS, M Orth, MBA (HHCM), CHPE, PhD. Scholar Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi
Dr Abdul Aleem
MCPS,Senior Registrar, Community Dentistry Department Karachi Medical and Dental College,Karachi Metropolitan University PhD Scholar Jinnah Sindh Medical University,
Dr Nauman Shirazi
Demonstrator,Department of Oral Biology Karachi Medical and Dental College,Karachi Metropolitan University
Dr.Qudsia Sabhi
BDS,Demonstrator, MHPE Trainee Karachi Medical and Dental College,Karachi Metropolitan University
Dr.Sana Adeeba Islam
MSc(UK),BDS,CHPE Associate Professor,Head Of Department, Community Dentistry,Karachi Medical and Dental College Karachi Metropolitan University
Dr Nabeel Khan
BDS,PGD,MS,CHPE Assistant Professor,Oral Biology Department, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi Metropolitan University
Prof Dr Muhammad Khalil Khan
BDS, MPH, DPA, MCPS, PhD Periodontology Department SIOHS Director PhD Dental Sciences Program Jinnah Sindh Medical University