CLINICAL PROFILE OF DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A HOSPITAL-BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
diabetic macular edema, type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, optical coherence tomography, HbA1c, retinal thickness
Abstract
Background
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an important cause of visual impairment among people with diabetes mellitus. Its occurrence is influenced by duration of diabetes, glycemic control, hypertension and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) permits objective assessment of retinal thickening and macular morphology.
Aim
To describe the clinical profile of diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate its association with demographic, systemic and ocular risk factors.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was designed involving 75 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and clinically/OCT-confirmed DME. Demographic characteristics, duration of diabetes, treatment, HbA1c, blood pressure, visual acuity, diabetic retinopathy severity and OCT findings were recorded. Associations were assessed using chi-square/Fisher exact tests and independent-samples t-test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
Among 75 patients, 43 (57.3%) were male and 32 (42.7%) were female. Mean age was 61.4 ± 8.2 years and mean duration of diabetes was 11.2 ± 5.4 years. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥8%) was present in 44 (58.7%). Mild/moderate NPDR was observed in 39 (52.0%), severe NPDR in 18 (24.0%) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 18 (24.0%). Centre-involving DME was identified in 47 (62.7%). Mean central subfield thickness was 376.8 ± 72.4 µm. Longer diabetes duration, HbA1c ≥8%, insulin use and severe/proliferative retinopathy were significantly associated with centre involvement.
Conclusion
DME in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with long diabetes duration, poor glycemic control and advanced diabetic retinopathy. OCT was useful for characterizing centre involvement and retinal thickness. Early screening and systemic risk-factor optimization may facilitate timely detection and management of sight-threatening macular disease.
References
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