SYNERGISTIC ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF VITAMINS A AND E ON OXIDATIVE STRESS–INDUCED DAMAGE IN LUNG IMMUNE CELLS
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Keywords
Oxidative stress, Vitamin A, Vitamin E, lung immune cells, antioxidant enzymes, ROS, MDA, cytokines, cell viability.
Abstract
Free radicals increase inflammation, reduce antioxidant defenses, and lead to oxidative stress, which is harmful to lung immunocytes. It is well-established that A and E vitamins are antioxidants. However, the extent of their synergistic protection is still unknown.
Methodology: This HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, research was conducted from June 2023 through June 2024. Seventy two samples were equally distributed into control, oxidative damage, and three treatment groups such that each group consisted of Vitamin A, Vitamin E, and both vitamins. The markers of oxidation relationship to stress and the activities of the antioxidant enzyme along with the inflammatory cytokines and cell viability were quantified in advance and following the treatment.
Results: Cells exposed to oxidative injury showed a sharp rise in ROS, MDA, and inflammatory cytokines, along with a marked decline in antioxidant enzymes. Both vitamins improved these disturbances individually, but the combined treatment produced the strongest effect. The Vitamin A + E group had the lowest ROS and MDA levels, the highest SOD, CAT, and GPx activity, and the greatest improvement in cell viability with reduced apoptosis. The pattern indicated a synergistic benefit rather than a simple additive effect.
Conclusion: The combination of vitamins A and E provide the most effective and significant oxygen radical and cell protection in respiratory immune cells. This indicates the potential importance for the development of combination strategies that utilize more than one antioxidant for the treatment of specific pulmonary disorders characterized by excessive oxidative stress.
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Amna Ihsan
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan
Saima Manzoor
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
Roomana Anwar
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sabeen Khalid
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, CMH Kharian Medical College, Kharian, Pakistan
Mohammad Iqbal
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mohammad College of Medicine, Peshawar, Pakistan
Sidra Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Independent Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
