A PROSPECTIVE INTERVENTIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF DIETARY FIBER AND WHOLE GRAINS IN REDUCING THE DIABETES RISK
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Keywords
Type 2 diabetes mellitus; dietary fiber; whole grains; prediabetes; glycemic control; insulin resistance; diabetes prevention.
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a growing global health burden. Dietary modification, particularly increased consumption of dietary fiber and whole grains, may play a crucial role in diabetes prevention among high-risk individuals.
Objective: This prospective interventional study aimed to evaluate the effect of a high-fiber, whole grain-enriched diet on glycemic parameters and diabetes risk markers in prediabetic individuals over a 6-month period.
Methods: One hundred fifty participants with prediabetes were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n=75) receiving a structured high-fiber, whole grain-enriched dietary plan (≥35 g fiber/day) or a control group (n=75) following standard dietary recommendations. Primary outcomes included changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes comprised anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers.
Results: At 6 months, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in FPG compared to controls (14.8 ± 6.2 mg/dL vs 6.1 ± 5.4 mg/dL, p<0.001). HbA1c decreased more substantially in the intervention group (0.48 ± 0.22% vs 0.18 ± 0.19%, p<0.001). HOMA-IR reduction was also superior in the intervention group (0.92 ± 0.48 vs 0.34 ± 0.41, p<0.001). The intervention group achieved greater weight loss (4.6 ± 2.1 kg vs 1.8 ± 1.9 kg, p<0.001) and improved lipid profiles. Diabetes incidence was significantly lower in the intervention group (4.0% vs 14.7%, p=0.021).
Conclusion: A structured high-fiber, whole grain-enriched diet significantly improves glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic parameters in prediabetic individuals, demonstrating potential as an effective dietary intervention for diabetes prevention.
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Prabhavathi Kotni
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Index Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Amarnath B R
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Index Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Akash Vishwe
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Index Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
