INCIDENCE OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS PATIENTS ADMITTED TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
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Keywords
Acute gastroenteritis, acute kidney injury, dehydration, renal impairment, KDIGO criteria, Pakistan.
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a frequent reason for hospitalization and could result in acute kidney injury (AKI), especially when the patient is dehydrated or when the diagnosis is delayed. The early detection of renal complications is vital in order to avoid morbidity.
Objective: To determine the incidence of AKI among patients admitted with AGE at a tertiary care hospital and identify associated clinical risk factors.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the HBS Medical and Dental College Islamabad, from August 2024 to January 2025. Patients who were 12 years or older and hospitalized with AGE underwent clinical evaluation and renal function tests. AKI was identified based on the KDIGO criteria. The statistical analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics.
Results: Out of 210 patients who participated in the study, 30.5% had AKI as a complication. The severe lack of water in the body, low blood pressure, bacterial infections, mainly Salmonella, and an imbalance of electrolytes were the factors that increased the occurrence of AKI significantly. The majority of cases were of Stage I, and they could be reversed, while 6.2% of cases needed nephrology referral and renal supportive care.
Conclusion: AKI is a frequent complication of AGE. Early hydration, timely evaluation, and routine renal monitoring can reduce preventable morbidity.
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Dr Syed Hur Hussain Hamdani
Senior Registrar Medicine, HBS Medical and Dental College Islamabad