MAPPING THE MENTAL FORAMEN: MORPHOMETRIC VARIABILITY AND SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN THE NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
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Keywords
Mandible, Mental foramen, Anatomical variation, Accessory mental foramina, Morphometry
Abstract
The mental foramen (MF) is a key anatomical landmark that plays a vital role in various clinical and surgical procedures involving the mandible, including the administration of local anaesthesia and other invasive interventions. A clear understanding of its shape, position, and relationship to nearby structures is essential to reduce the risk of complications. This study aims to provide detailed anatomical insights into the location, morphological variations, and prevalence of both the mental foramen and any accessory mental foramina.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-five dry adult human mandibles of unknown sex were examined to determine the number, shape, and position of the mental foramina. Measurements were taken using digital vernier callipers, and the collected data were statistically analysed to calculate mean values and standard deviations (SD).
Results: All 55 mandibles showed bilateral presence of the mental foramen. Accessory mental foramina (AMF) were identified in 16 mandibles, representing a prevalence of 29.1%. The majority of the foramina (64.5%) had an oval shape. In most cases, the MF aligned with the long axis of the second premolar—62% on the right and 72% on the left. Bilateral measurements from standard anatomical landmarks were recorded, offering a comprehensive morphometric profile of the MF. Conclusion: The MF demonstrates notable morphological and morphometric variations across populations. Knowledge of its exact position and dimensions is crucial for clinicians to ensure precise surgical planning, effective administration of anaesthesia, and the prevention of mental nerve injury.
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Anil Kumar
Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, JIET Medical College and Hospitals, Jodhpur, Rajasthan