INCIDENCE OF PREECLAMPSIA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM IN SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY: A STUDY AT KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL, MTI, PESHAWAR
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Abstract
Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, typically beginning between 4 and 6 weeks of gestation, affecting approximately 0.3 to 3% of pregnancies, and is a leading cause of early pregnancy hospitalization. There is some evidence that HG is associated with placental dysfunction and hypertensive disorders, including preeclampsia, which is the major cause of maternal morbidity.
Objective: To establish the incidence of preeclampsia in women with second-trimester HG in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.
Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study at Gynae & Obs Department, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st July, 2024 to 31st December, 2024. Women between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation during pregnancy and whose HG was confirmed were recruited, and those women who had a history of chronic hypertension, thyroid, kidney, and hepatic problems were excluded. Blood pressure, proteinuria, and clinical information were obtained.
Results: In 200 participants (100 HG and 100 controls), the incidence of preeclampsia was 25% in patients with HG and 10% in controls. HG patients presented with high blood pressure, proteinuria, severe weight loss, and increased hospitalization requirements.
Conclusion: Second trimester HG is closely linked with the risk of preeclampsia and close monitoring, early screening, and multidisciplinary care are considered to improve the outcome of second trimester HG.
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Dr Sumbal Afridi
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Gulshan Maternity Hospital, Kohat, Pakistan
Dr Laila Hussain
FCPS, Trainee Medical Officer, Gynae & Obs Department, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan
Dr Farrukh Gul
Consultant, Gynae & Obs Department, Ismail Medical Complex Matta Swat, Pakistan
Dr Reema Fateh
Consultant, Gynae & Obs Department, Luqman International Hospital Saidu Sharif Swat, Pakistan
Dr Rahat Bibi
Trainee Medical Officer, Obstetrics & Gynae Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan