ROLE OF CHD1L, A POTENT ONCOGENE IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Head and neck cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; CHD1L; Hypoxia; oncogene; prognosis; biomarker.
Abstract
Background
The squamous and lining epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx is the source of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). With over 700,000 new cases annually, HNSCC is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide and accounts for between 0.5% and 1.9% of all cancer-related deaths. HNSCC is a diverse set of tumors with different anatomical sites and subsites and a range of etiological variables, such as alcohol use, smoking, and HPV infection. Although this has not been widely acknowledged, an increasing proportion of younger, low-risk individuals have been shown to exhibit a unique clinical and histological pattern linked to a worse prognosis. Intratumoral hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, especially skin malignancies. By initiating biological processes such as glycolysis and angiogenesis, which are critical for cancer cell survival, low oxygen tension triggers cellular responses that accelerate cancer growth. The conserved SNF2_N domain of CHD1L, a member of the SNF2-like family, is a helicase superfamily structural domain that may be essential for transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and chromosomal integrity preservation. Thus, investigating the transcriptional regulatory network of CHD1L helps clarify its carcinogenic molecular mechanisms and may also yield new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. CHD1L has been recognized as a new oncogene and demonstrates carcinogenic characteristics during the malignant transformation process.
Material and Methods: Major databases such as Medline were explored detailed literature search in resulting in a systematic review pertaining to high expression of CHD1L, a potent oncogene is associated in head and neck cancer.
Results: Five original research scientific articles dated between 2020 – 2024 pertaining to mentioned topic were highlighted.
Conclusions:
In HNSCC, CHD1L is markedly elevated and linked to poor survival rates. This implies that CHD1L could be used as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for HNSCC. The functional involvement of CHD1L in the onset and progression of HNSCC requires more investigation. Detailed information regarding the high expression of CHD1L, a potent oncogene is associated in head and neck cancer is discussed in this systematic review.
References
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16. Jessri M, Farah CS. Harnessing massively parallel sequencing in personalized head and neck oncology. Journal of dental research. 2014 May;93(5):437-44. doi: 10.1177/0022034514524783.
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18. Kawai S, Yoshida M, Segawa K, Sugiyama H, Ishizaki R, Toyoshima K. Characterization of Y73, an avian sarcoma virus: a unique transforming gene and its product, a phosphopolyprotein with protein kinase activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1980 Oct;77(10):6199-203. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.6199.
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20. Pimentel E. Oncogenes. CRC Press; 2020 Apr 2.(doi: not available)
21. Ma NF, Hu L, Fung JM, Xie D, Zheng BJ, Chen L, Tang DJ, Fu L, Wu Z, Chen M, Fang Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel oncogene, amplified in liver cancer 1, within a commonly amplified region at 1q21 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):503-10. doi: 10.1002/hep.22072.
22. Woodage T, Basrai MA, Baxevanis AD, Hieter P, Collins FS. Characterization of the CHD family of proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(21):11472–7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11472.
23. Flanagan JF, Mi LZ, Chruszcz M, Cymborowski M, Clines KL, Kim Y, Minor W, Rastinejad F, Khorasanizadeh S. Double chromodomains cooperate to recognize the methylated histone H3 tail. Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1181-5. doi: 10.1038/nature04290.
24. Cheng W, Su Y, Xu F. CHD1L: a novel oncogene. Molecular cancer. 2013 Dec 21;12(1):170. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-170.
25. Liu C, Kang N, Guo Y, Gong P. Advances in chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins regulating stem cell differentiation and human diseases. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2021 Sep 20;9:710203. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710203.
26. Wang JB, Fan JH, Liang H, Li J, Xiao HJ, Wei WQ, Dawsey SM, Qiao YL, Boffetta P. Attributable causes of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in China. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042281
27. Visser E, Franken IA, Brosens LA, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Prognostic gene expression profiling in esophageal cancer: a systematic review. Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 12;8(3):5566. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13328.
28. Higginson J. International agency for research on cancer. WHO chronicle. 1968 Dec 31;22(12):517-22. PMID: 5700531
29. Saloura V, Vougiouklakis T, Zewde M, Kiyotani K, Park JH, Gao G, Karrison T, Lingen M, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. WHSC1L1 drives cell cycle progression through transcriptional regulation of CDC6 and CDK2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncotarget. 2016 Jun 7;7(27):42527. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9897.
30. Puram SV, Tirosh I, Parikh AS, Patel AP, Yizhak K, Gillespie S, Rodman C, Luo CL, Mroz EA, Emerick KS, Deschler DG. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of primary and metastatic tumor ecosystems in head and neck cancer. Cell. 2017 Dec 14;171(7):1611-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.044.
31. Lai YS, Chang CW, Pawlik KM, Zhou D, Renfrow MB, Townes TM. SRY (sex determining region Y)-box2 (Sox2)/poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (Parp1) complexes regulate pluripotency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012 Mar 6;109(10):3772-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1108595109.
32. Chiou SH, Jiang BH, Yu YL, Chou SJ, Tsai PH, Chang WC, Chen LK, Chen LH, Chien Y, Chiou GY. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 regulates nuclear reprogramming and promotes iPSC generation without c-Myc. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2013 Jan 14;210(1):85-98. doi: 10.1084/jem.20121044
33. Jiang BH, Chen WY, Li HY, Chien Y, Chang WC, Hsieh PC, Wu P, Chen CY, Song HY, Chien CS, Sung YJ. CHD1L regulated PARP1-driven pluripotency and chromatin remodeling during the early-stage cell reprogramming. Stem Cells. 2015 Oct 1;33(10):2961-72. doi: 10.1002/stem.2116.
34. Georgala PA, Carr CB, Price DJ. The role of Pax6 in forebrain development. Developmental neurobiology. 2011 Aug;71(8):690-709. doi: 10.1002/dneu.20895.
35. Qu Y, Zhou B, Yang W, Han B, Yu-Rice Y, Gao B, Johnson J, Svendsen CN, Freeman MR, Giuliano AE, Sareen D. Transcriptome and proteome characterization of surface ectoderm cells differentiated from human iPSCs. Scientific reports. 2016 Aug 23;6(1):32007. doi: 10.1038/srep32007.
36. Zhao D. Synthetic essentiality of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in PTEN deficient cancer. Cancer Research. 2019 Jul 1;79(13_Supplement):95-. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-95
37. Wang Y, Chen Y, Bao L, Zhang B, Wang JE, Kumar A, Xing C, Wang Y, Luo W. CHD4 promotes breast cancer progression as a coactivator of hypoxia-inducible factors. Cancer research. 2020 Sep 15;80(18):3880-91. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1049.
38. Rother MB, Pellegrino S, Smith R, Gatti M, Meisenberg C, Wiegant WW, Luijsterburg MS, Imhof R, Downs JA, Vertegaal AC, Huet S. CHD7 and 53BP1 regulate distinct pathways for the re-ligation of DNA double-strand breaks. Nature communications. 2020 Nov 13;11(1):5775. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19502-5.
39. Greenberg MV, Bourc’his D. The diverse roles of DNA methylation in mammalian development and disease. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2019 Oct;20(10):590-607. doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0159-6.
40. Gu M, Ren B, Fang Y, Ren J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhou F, Xiao R, Luo X, You L, Zhao Y. Epigenetic regulation in cancer. MedComm. 2024 Feb;5(2):e495. doi: 10.1002/mco2.495.
41. Li J, Song Z, Dong X, Li L, Gu X, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Li Y, Fan Z, Dong H, Liu Y. VRK1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by SNAI1 via phosphorylating CHD1L. Cell Death & Disease. 2025 Apr 15;16(1):302. doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07641-w.
42. Lambert AW, Weinberg RA. Linking EMT programmes to normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2021 May;21(5):325-38. doi: 10.1038/s41568-021-00332-6.
43. Mourad M, Jetmore T, Jategaonkar AA, Moubayed S, Moshier E, Urken ML. Epidemiological trends of head and neck cancer in the United States: a SEER population study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017 Dec 1;75(12):2562-72. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.05.008.
44. Lui VW, Hedberg ML, Li H, Vangara BS, Pendleton K, Zeng Y, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Du Y, Gilbert BR, Freilino M. Frequent mutation of the PI3K pathway in head and neck cancer defines predictive biomarkers. Cancer discovery. 2013 Jul 1;3(7):761-9. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0103.
45. Forbes SA, Bhamra G, Bamford S, Dawson E, Kok C, Clements J, Jonathan LH. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). Current protocols in human genetics/editorial board. Jonathan L Haines, et al. 2008;10:1.(doi: not available)
46. Georgy SR, Cangkrama M, Srivastava S, Partridge D, Auden A, Dworkin S, McLean CA, Jane SM, Darido C. Identification of a novel proto-oncogenic network in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2015 Sep 1;107(9):djv152. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv152.
47. Cisowski J, Bergo MO. What makes oncogenes mutually exclusive?. Small GTPases. 2017 Jul 3;8(3):187-92. doi: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1212689.
48. Sherr CJ, Beach D, Shapiro GI. Targeting CDK4 and CDK6: from discovery to therapy. Cancer discovery. 2016 Apr 1;6(4):353-67. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0894.
49. Prigaro BJ, Esquer H, Zhou Q, Pike LA, Awolade P, Lai XH, Abraham AD, Abbott JM, Matter B, Kompella UB, Messersmith WA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first inhibitors of oncogenic CHD1L. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2022 Feb 22;65(5):3943-61. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01778.
50. Kujan O, van Schaijik B, Farah CS. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review. Cancers. 2020 Jul 17;12(7):1937. doi: 10.3390/cancers12071937.
2. Pöschl G, Seitz HK. Alcohol and cancer. Alcohol and alcoholism. 2004 May 1;39(3):155-65. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agh057.
3. Seitz HK, Matsuzaki S, Yokoyama A, Homann N, Väkeväinen S, Wang XD. Alcohol and cancer. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2001 May;25:137S-43S. doi: 10.1097/00000374-200105051-00024.
4. Hashibe M, Ford DE, Zhang ZF. Marijuana smoking and head and neck cancer. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2002 Nov;42(S1):103S-7S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06010.x.
5. Llewellyn CD, Linklater K, Bell J, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya S. An analysis of risk factors for oral cancer in young people: a case-control study. Oral oncology. 2004 Mar 1;40(3):304-13. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.08.015.
6. Llewellyn CD, Linklater K, Bell J, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya KA. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in patients aged 45 years and under: a descriptive analysis of 116 cases diagnosed in the South East of England from 1990 to 1997. Oral oncology. 2003 Feb 1;39(2):106-14. doi: 10.1016/s1368-8375(02)00026-x.
7. Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, Stephens P, Edkins S, Clegg S, Teague J, Woffendin H, Garnett MJ, Bottomley W, Davis N. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature. 2002 Jun 27;417(6892):949-54. doi: 10.1038/nature00766.
8. Park BJ, Chiosea SI, Grandis JR. Molecular changes in the multistage pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. Cancer Biomarkers. 2011 Jan;9(1-6):325-39. doi: 10.3233/CBM-2011-0163
9. Agrawal N, Frederick MJ, Pickering CR, Bettegowda C, Chang K, Li RJ, Fakhry C, Xie TX, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang N. Exome sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals inactivating mutations in NOTCH1. Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1154-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1206923.
10. Poomsawat S, Sanguansin S, Punyasingh J, Vejchapipat P, Punyarit P. Expression of cdk6 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical oral investigations. 2016 Jan;20(1):57-63. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1482-8.
11. Angadi PV, Krishnapillai R. Cyclin D1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma: correlation with histological differentiation. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2007 Mar 1;103(3):e30-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.09.011.
12. Neganova I, Lako M. G1 to S phase cell cycle transition in somatic and embryonic stem cells. Journal of anatomy. 2008 Jul;213(1):30-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00931.x
13. Ziogas DE, Katsios CS, Tzaphlidou M, Roukos DH. Targeted therapy: overcoming drug resistance with clinical cancer genome. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 2012 Jul 1;12(7):861-4. doi: 10.1586/era.12.68.
14. Mills GB. An emerging toolkit for targeted cancer therapies. Genome research. 2012 Feb;22(2):177. doi: 10.1101/gr.136044.111.
15. Simon R, Roychowdhury S. Implementing personalized cancer genomics in clinical trials. Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2013 May;12(5):358-69. doi: 10.1038/nrd3979.
16. Jessri M, Farah CS. Harnessing massively parallel sequencing in personalized head and neck oncology. Journal of dental research. 2014 May;93(5):437-44. doi: 10.1177/0022034514524783.
17. Grandis JR, Tweardy DJ. Elevated levels of transforming growth factor α and epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA are early markers of carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. Cancer research. 1993 Aug 1;53(15):3579-84. PMID: 8339264
18. Kawai S, Yoshida M, Segawa K, Sugiyama H, Ishizaki R, Toyoshima K. Characterization of Y73, an avian sarcoma virus: a unique transforming gene and its product, a phosphopolyprotein with protein kinase activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1980 Oct;77(10):6199-203. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.6199.
19. Hunter T. Oncogenes and proto-oncogenes: how do they differ?. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1984 Oct 1;73(4):773-86. PMID: 6434779
20. Pimentel E. Oncogenes. CRC Press; 2020 Apr 2.(doi: not available)
21. Ma NF, Hu L, Fung JM, Xie D, Zheng BJ, Chen L, Tang DJ, Fu L, Wu Z, Chen M, Fang Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel oncogene, amplified in liver cancer 1, within a commonly amplified region at 1q21 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):503-10. doi: 10.1002/hep.22072.
22. Woodage T, Basrai MA, Baxevanis AD, Hieter P, Collins FS. Characterization of the CHD family of proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(21):11472–7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11472.
23. Flanagan JF, Mi LZ, Chruszcz M, Cymborowski M, Clines KL, Kim Y, Minor W, Rastinejad F, Khorasanizadeh S. Double chromodomains cooperate to recognize the methylated histone H3 tail. Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1181-5. doi: 10.1038/nature04290.
24. Cheng W, Su Y, Xu F. CHD1L: a novel oncogene. Molecular cancer. 2013 Dec 21;12(1):170. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-170.
25. Liu C, Kang N, Guo Y, Gong P. Advances in chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins regulating stem cell differentiation and human diseases. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2021 Sep 20;9:710203. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710203.
26. Wang JB, Fan JH, Liang H, Li J, Xiao HJ, Wei WQ, Dawsey SM, Qiao YL, Boffetta P. Attributable causes of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in China. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042281
27. Visser E, Franken IA, Brosens LA, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Prognostic gene expression profiling in esophageal cancer: a systematic review. Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 12;8(3):5566. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13328.
28. Higginson J. International agency for research on cancer. WHO chronicle. 1968 Dec 31;22(12):517-22. PMID: 5700531
29. Saloura V, Vougiouklakis T, Zewde M, Kiyotani K, Park JH, Gao G, Karrison T, Lingen M, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. WHSC1L1 drives cell cycle progression through transcriptional regulation of CDC6 and CDK2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncotarget. 2016 Jun 7;7(27):42527. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9897.
30. Puram SV, Tirosh I, Parikh AS, Patel AP, Yizhak K, Gillespie S, Rodman C, Luo CL, Mroz EA, Emerick KS, Deschler DG. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of primary and metastatic tumor ecosystems in head and neck cancer. Cell. 2017 Dec 14;171(7):1611-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.044.
31. Lai YS, Chang CW, Pawlik KM, Zhou D, Renfrow MB, Townes TM. SRY (sex determining region Y)-box2 (Sox2)/poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (Parp1) complexes regulate pluripotency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012 Mar 6;109(10):3772-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1108595109.
32. Chiou SH, Jiang BH, Yu YL, Chou SJ, Tsai PH, Chang WC, Chen LK, Chen LH, Chien Y, Chiou GY. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 regulates nuclear reprogramming and promotes iPSC generation without c-Myc. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2013 Jan 14;210(1):85-98. doi: 10.1084/jem.20121044
33. Jiang BH, Chen WY, Li HY, Chien Y, Chang WC, Hsieh PC, Wu P, Chen CY, Song HY, Chien CS, Sung YJ. CHD1L regulated PARP1-driven pluripotency and chromatin remodeling during the early-stage cell reprogramming. Stem Cells. 2015 Oct 1;33(10):2961-72. doi: 10.1002/stem.2116.
34. Georgala PA, Carr CB, Price DJ. The role of Pax6 in forebrain development. Developmental neurobiology. 2011 Aug;71(8):690-709. doi: 10.1002/dneu.20895.
35. Qu Y, Zhou B, Yang W, Han B, Yu-Rice Y, Gao B, Johnson J, Svendsen CN, Freeman MR, Giuliano AE, Sareen D. Transcriptome and proteome characterization of surface ectoderm cells differentiated from human iPSCs. Scientific reports. 2016 Aug 23;6(1):32007. doi: 10.1038/srep32007.
36. Zhao D. Synthetic essentiality of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in PTEN deficient cancer. Cancer Research. 2019 Jul 1;79(13_Supplement):95-. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-95
37. Wang Y, Chen Y, Bao L, Zhang B, Wang JE, Kumar A, Xing C, Wang Y, Luo W. CHD4 promotes breast cancer progression as a coactivator of hypoxia-inducible factors. Cancer research. 2020 Sep 15;80(18):3880-91. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1049.
38. Rother MB, Pellegrino S, Smith R, Gatti M, Meisenberg C, Wiegant WW, Luijsterburg MS, Imhof R, Downs JA, Vertegaal AC, Huet S. CHD7 and 53BP1 regulate distinct pathways for the re-ligation of DNA double-strand breaks. Nature communications. 2020 Nov 13;11(1):5775. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19502-5.
39. Greenberg MV, Bourc’his D. The diverse roles of DNA methylation in mammalian development and disease. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2019 Oct;20(10):590-607. doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0159-6.
40. Gu M, Ren B, Fang Y, Ren J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhou F, Xiao R, Luo X, You L, Zhao Y. Epigenetic regulation in cancer. MedComm. 2024 Feb;5(2):e495. doi: 10.1002/mco2.495.
41. Li J, Song Z, Dong X, Li L, Gu X, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Li Y, Fan Z, Dong H, Liu Y. VRK1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by SNAI1 via phosphorylating CHD1L. Cell Death & Disease. 2025 Apr 15;16(1):302. doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07641-w.
42. Lambert AW, Weinberg RA. Linking EMT programmes to normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2021 May;21(5):325-38. doi: 10.1038/s41568-021-00332-6.
43. Mourad M, Jetmore T, Jategaonkar AA, Moubayed S, Moshier E, Urken ML. Epidemiological trends of head and neck cancer in the United States: a SEER population study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017 Dec 1;75(12):2562-72. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.05.008.
44. Lui VW, Hedberg ML, Li H, Vangara BS, Pendleton K, Zeng Y, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Du Y, Gilbert BR, Freilino M. Frequent mutation of the PI3K pathway in head and neck cancer defines predictive biomarkers. Cancer discovery. 2013 Jul 1;3(7):761-9. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0103.
45. Forbes SA, Bhamra G, Bamford S, Dawson E, Kok C, Clements J, Jonathan LH. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). Current protocols in human genetics/editorial board. Jonathan L Haines, et al. 2008;10:1.(doi: not available)
46. Georgy SR, Cangkrama M, Srivastava S, Partridge D, Auden A, Dworkin S, McLean CA, Jane SM, Darido C. Identification of a novel proto-oncogenic network in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2015 Sep 1;107(9):djv152. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv152.
47. Cisowski J, Bergo MO. What makes oncogenes mutually exclusive?. Small GTPases. 2017 Jul 3;8(3):187-92. doi: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1212689.
48. Sherr CJ, Beach D, Shapiro GI. Targeting CDK4 and CDK6: from discovery to therapy. Cancer discovery. 2016 Apr 1;6(4):353-67. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0894.
49. Prigaro BJ, Esquer H, Zhou Q, Pike LA, Awolade P, Lai XH, Abraham AD, Abbott JM, Matter B, Kompella UB, Messersmith WA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first inhibitors of oncogenic CHD1L. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2022 Feb 22;65(5):3943-61. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01778.
50. Kujan O, van Schaijik B, Farah CS. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review. Cancers. 2020 Jul 17;12(7):1937. doi: 10.3390/cancers12071937.
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Jan 15, 2016
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Dr.N.Inbanesan. (2016). ROLE OF CHD1L, A POTENT ONCOGENE IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 23(1), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.69980/sxfynv78
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Author Biography
Dr.N.Inbanesan
Reader in Department of OMFS Karpaga vinayaga Institute of Dental sciences, Tamilnadu, India,
How to Cite
Dr.N.Inbanesan. (2016). ROLE OF CHD1L, A POTENT ONCOGENE IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 23(1), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.69980/sxfynv78
