HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF RENAL DISEASES IN BAHAWAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL, BAHAWALPUR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Keywords
Glomerulonephritis (GN), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Renal diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with glomerulonephritis (GN) being a leading contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aims to identify the histopathological patterns of renal diseases in patients undergoing renal biopsy at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, to better understand the local epidemiology and guide clinical practice.
Material & Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from December 2022 to January 2024. The renal biopsies were done on patients with clinical indications like nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome, RPGN, acute unexplained renal failure, and significant non-nephrotic proteinuria totaling 180. Samples for renal biopsy were processed for examination using light microscopy and immunofluorescence. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical presentations, and histopathological diagnoses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and associations between clinical presentations and histopathological findings were analyzed using chi-square tests.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.8 ± 7.5 years, with a male predominance (55.6%). Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most common histopathological diagnosis, found in 26.7% of cases, followed by Membranous Nephropathy (MN) in 16.7% and Minimal Change Disease (MCD) in 12.2%. Nephrotic syndrome was the leading clinical indication for renal biopsy, accounting for 47.2% of cases. Statistically significant associations were found between nephrotic syndrome and both FSGS and MN (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In Bahawalpur, FSGS is the dominant form of primary glomerular disease. The study was reflective of the global trends and has brought out a crucial role for renal biopsy in diagnosing the disease, thus itself underlining the need for continued surveillance monitoring of changing disease patterns across this region. The knowledge of disease patterns, then, will help tailor treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes in Bahawalpur.
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Asmah Afzal
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Azra Akhtar
Consultant Histopathology and Cytopathology, Buch International Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
Uzma Shaheen
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, D G Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
Fatima Khalid
Senior Demonstrator, Department of Pathology, Al Aleem Medical college, Lahore, Pakistan
Firdous Iqbal
Assistant Professor, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Saroash Iqbal
Assistant Professor, Al Aleem Medical College, Lahore