ENHANCING CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN NURSING: THE IMPACT OF TRANSCULTURAL TRAINING PROGRAMS ON NURSING STUDENTS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
cultural competence, transcultural training, nursing education, qualitative methods, healthcare, Pakistan
Abstract
Introduction: The demand for basic culturally competent care has increased with the internationalization and diversification of the world. However, this research focuses on analyzing how effective the transcultural curriculum is in Karachi, Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a modified transcultural training program on the cultural competence of nursing students in Karachi.
Methodology: Employing a second qualitative approach, this experience-based study seeks to understand the participants' knowledge through five focus group discussions and five in-depth interviews with 30 participants.
Results: Analysis indicated a positive change in qualitative disposition, where students' cultural competence enhanced their communication, cultural understanding, and appreciation. Concerning the study's findings, the study stresses the need for culturally appropriate nursing education for increased patient satisfaction.
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23. Listerfelt, S., Fridh, I., & Lindahl, B. (2019). Facing the unfamiliar: Nurses’ transcultural care in intensive care - A focus group study. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 55, 102752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2019.102752
24. Liu, T. T., Chen, M. Y., Chang, Y. M., & Lin, M. H. (2022). A Preliminary Study on the Cultural Competence of Nurse Practitioners and Its Affecting Factors. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040678
25. Liu, W., Stone, T. E., & McMaster, R. (2018). Increasing undergraduate nursing students’ cultural competence: An evaluation study. Global Health Research and Policy, 3(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-018-0062-2
26. Marie, A., & Edwards, E. (n.d.). ScholarWorks Implementation of a Transcultural Nursing Education Program to Improve Nurses’ Cultural Competence. https://scholarworks. waldenu.edu/dissertations
27. Purnell, L. D., & Fenkl, E. A. (2021). Transcultural diversity and health care: Individual and organizational. Textbook for Transcultural Health Care: A Population Approach: Cultural Competence Concepts in Nursing Care, 3-18.
28. Shirey, M. R. (2006). Establishing a sense of belonging for nursing students in the classroom. Journal of Professional Nursing, 22(4), 230-234.
29. Wu¨rth, K., Langewitz, W., Reiter-Theil, S., & Schuster, S. (2018). Their view: Difficulties and challenges of patients and physicians in cross-cultural encounters and a medical ethics perspective. BMC Medical Ethics, 19, 1–10.
2. Abrons, J. P., Andreas, E., Jolly, O., Parisi-Mercado, M., Daly, A., & Carr, I. (2019). Cultural sensitivity and global pharmacy engagement in the Caribbean: Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and St. Kitts. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 83(4), 7219.
3. Albougami, A. S., Pounds, K. G., & Alotaibi, J. S. (2016). Comparison of Four Cultural Competence Models in Transcultural Nursing: A Discussion Paper. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care, 2(4), 53-57.
4. Antón-Solanas, I., Huércanos-Esparza, I., Hamam-Alcober, N., Vanceulebroeck, V., Dehaes, S., Kalkan, I., Kömürcü, N., Coelho, M., Coelho, T., Casa-Nova, A., Cordeiro, R., Ramón-Arbués, E., Moreno-González, S., & Tambo-Lizalde, E. (2021). Nursing lecturers’ perception and experience of teaching cultural competence: a european qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph18031357
5. Bai, M., Sui, X., Zhou, C., Li, Y., Li, J., Gao, R., Du, Z., Xu, L., & Li, F. (2020). The challenge of cross-cultural care encounters: Perspective of imported nurses in Lhasa, Tibet. BioMed Research International, 2020, 3159178.
6. Banks, S., Stanley, M. J., Brown, S., & Matthew, W. (2019). Simulation-based interprofessional education: a nursing and social work collaboration. Journal of Nursing Education, 58(2), 110–113.
7. Bauce, K., Kridli, S. A. O., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2018). Cultural competence and psychological empowerment among acute care nurses. In K. Bauce & J. J. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Nursing Research Critiques: A Model for Excellence (pp. 25–46). New York, NY: Springer.
8. Berger, J. T., & Miller, D. R. (2021). Health disparities, systemic racism, and failures of cultural competence. The American Journal of Bioethics. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161. 2021.1915411
9. Chang, L.-C., Guo, J.-L., & Lin, H.-L. (2017). Cultural competence education for health professionals from pre-graduation to licensure delivered using Facebook: Twelve month follow-up on a randomized control trial. Nurse Education Today, 59, 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.09.005
10. Choi, J.-S., & Kim, J.-S. (2018). Effects of cultural education and cultural experiences on the cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education in Practice, 29, 159–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.01.007
11. Chun, A., Velmurugiah, N., Cheung, K. W., et al. (2021). The Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Tool Kit for Emergency Medicine.
12. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
13. Ding, A., Ratcliffe, T. A., Diamond, A., Bowen, E. O., Penney, L. S., Crabtree, M. A., Kornsawad, K., Moreland, C. J., Garcia, S. E., & Leykum, L. K. (2020). Ready to collaborate?: Medical learner experiences in interprofessional collaborative practice settings. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–7.
14. Doroudgar, S., Dang, B., Nguyen, H., & Matsumoto, R. R. (2021). Assessment of cultural competence in pharmacy students prior to advanced pharmacy practice experiences. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 85(4).
15. Evgin, D., & Muz, G. (2021). Nursing students learning to care for refugee patients: A qualitative
16. Ali, F. A., Ata, M., Azam, F., & Shaheen, A. (2023). Equity, diversity, and inclusion in medical education in Pakistan: Navigating a complex landscape. MedEdPublish, 13(309), 309.
17. Farooqui, S., Iqbal, Z., Saifoor, S., Khan, S., Ahmed, F., Sultan, A., Iqbal, J., Shah, A. and Anwar, N., 2023. Association of Clinical Caring Competencies of Nursing Students with Academic Performance: A Multi-Institutional Study: Clinical Caring Competencies of Nursing Students. NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences), pp.52-56.
18. International Organization for Migration ([IOM], 2018). IOM Turkey. Retrieved from
19. Jurkova, S., & Guo, S. (2018). Connecting transculturalism with transformative learning: Toward a new horizon of adult education. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 64(2), 173–187.
20. Khelifa, R., & Mahdjoub, H. (2022). An intersectionality lens is needed to establish a global view of equity, diversity and inclusion. Ecology Letters, 25(5), 1049–1054.
21. Leung, D. Y. L., Chan, E. A., Wong, A. K. C., Reisenhofer, S., Stenberg, M., & Pui Sze, C. (2020). Advancing pedagogy of undergraduate nursing students’ cultural awareness through internationalization webinars: A qualitative study. Nurse Education Today, 93, 104514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104514
22. Li, J., Wu, B., He, Z., Liu, J., Xiao, R., & Luo, Y. (2020). Investigation of the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses in Guizhou, China. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(2), 191–197.
23. Listerfelt, S., Fridh, I., & Lindahl, B. (2019). Facing the unfamiliar: Nurses’ transcultural care in intensive care - A focus group study. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 55, 102752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2019.102752
24. Liu, T. T., Chen, M. Y., Chang, Y. M., & Lin, M. H. (2022). A Preliminary Study on the Cultural Competence of Nurse Practitioners and Its Affecting Factors. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040678
25. Liu, W., Stone, T. E., & McMaster, R. (2018). Increasing undergraduate nursing students’ cultural competence: An evaluation study. Global Health Research and Policy, 3(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-018-0062-2
26. Marie, A., & Edwards, E. (n.d.). ScholarWorks Implementation of a Transcultural Nursing Education Program to Improve Nurses’ Cultural Competence. https://scholarworks. waldenu.edu/dissertations
27. Purnell, L. D., & Fenkl, E. A. (2021). Transcultural diversity and health care: Individual and organizational. Textbook for Transcultural Health Care: A Population Approach: Cultural Competence Concepts in Nursing Care, 3-18.
28. Shirey, M. R. (2006). Establishing a sense of belonging for nursing students in the classroom. Journal of Professional Nursing, 22(4), 230-234.
29. Wu¨rth, K., Langewitz, W., Reiter-Theil, S., & Schuster, S. (2018). Their view: Difficulties and challenges of patients and physicians in cross-cultural encounters and a medical ethics perspective. BMC Medical Ethics, 19, 1–10.
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Published
Jan 15, 2025
Article Details
How to Cite
Syed Yousaf Shah, Prof. Dr Faridah Binti Mohd Said, Nazneen bano, Rashid Hussain, Ayaz Khan, & Liaquat Ali. (2025). ENHANCING CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN NURSING: THE IMPACT OF TRANSCULTURAL TRAINING PROGRAMS ON NURSING STUDENTS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(1), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.53555/9nrjrx31
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Author Biographies
Syed Yousaf Shah
PhD student Lincoln university college Malaysia
Prof. Dr Faridah Binti Mohd Said
Faculty of Nursing Lincoln University College Malaysia
Nazneen bano
PhD student Lincoln university college Malaysia
Rashid Hussain
PhD student Lincoln university college Malaysia
Ayaz Khan
Nursing Manager Northwest General Hospital and Research Center Peshawar Pakistan
Liaquat Ali
PhD students Lincoln university college Malaysia
How to Cite
Syed Yousaf Shah, Prof. Dr Faridah Binti Mohd Said, Nazneen bano, Rashid Hussain, Ayaz Khan, & Liaquat Ali. (2025). ENHANCING CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN NURSING: THE IMPACT OF TRANSCULTURAL TRAINING PROGRAMS ON NURSING STUDENTS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(1), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.53555/9nrjrx31