CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT POPULATION: ETIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION
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Keywords
Chronic, Kidney, Protein, Anemia
Abstract
Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with a number of problems that can affect the extra-renal and renal systems. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with poorer outcomes in children with CKD.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted at the University Hospital. The duration of this study was six months, from August 2023 to January 2024. In total, 300 participants (N=300) participated in this study. The age of the participants was 1-19 years including both boys and girls. Biochemical parameters were determined.
Results: CKD was diagnosed in 160 (53.3%) boys and 140 (46.6%) girls with some form of chronic renal disease. 86.6% were non-glomerular and 10% had glomerular disorders. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKAUT) affected 36.6% of the participants, followed by obstructive uropathy (30%), reflux nephropathy (30%), stone disease (8%), and cystic disease (15%). In latter stages 3-5 of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the overall incidence of hypertension among the participants was 33.3%. Several factors that were statistically significantly associated with negative consequences were anemia, proteinuria, growth failure, and mineral bone disorders.
Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex illness with a wide range of etiologies and unpredictable outcomes. With a noteworthy prevalence of growth failure and comorbidities, such as proteinuria, hypertension, anemia, and mineral bone problems, our study emphasizes the substantial impact of CKD on pediatric populations.
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Muhammad Khalid
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, CMH Kharian Medical College, Kharian, Pakistan
Waseem Pasha
Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, CMH Kharian Medical College, Kharian, Pakistan
Muhammad Usman Sajid
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, CMH Kharian Medical College, Kharian, Pakistan
Tahir Mahmood Butt
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan
Syeda Luba Hussain
Assistant Professor Community Medicine, Watim Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Fouzia Khalid
Senior Demonstrator, Department of Pharmacology, CMH Kharian Medical College, Kharian, Pakistan