THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL NEGLECT IN CHILDHOOD AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN ADULTHOOD AMONG MALE ADULTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Emotional neglect, Substance abuse, childhood trauma
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the connection between early emotional neglect and substance abuse in adulthood . A sample of 292 participants having age between 20-60 years living in Rawalpindi and Islamabad were selected through purposive sampling technique. The study's variables were measured using , the Drug Abuse Screen Test (DAST-10), and the "Emotional neglect" subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form. The findings showed a strong positive connection (r =.172, p <.01) between emotional maltreatment in childhood and substance dependence. Additionally, results indicated that there was a positive relationship between emotional neglect and substance abuse. These findings suggest that those who were emotionally neglected as children may be more likely to abuse substances as adults, and that this association may be accounted for in part by issues with controlling one's emotions. The study's findings have implications for treatment and prevention of substance misuse. Specifically, they emphasize the value of early intervention and focused therapeutic techniques to address emotional neglect and enhance emotion regulation abilities.
References
1. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (2015). Patterns of attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Psychology Press.
2. Assink, M., Van Der Put, C. E., Meeuwsen, M. W. C. M., De Jong, N. M., Oort, F. J., Stams, G. J., & Hoeve, M. (2019). Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 145(5), 459–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000188
3. Barahmand, U., Khazaee, A., & Hashjin, G. S. (2016). Emotion Dysregulation Mediates Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Motives for Substance Use. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2016.02.007
4. Bell, L. (2004). Managing Intense Emotions and Overcoming Self-Destructive Habits: A Self-Help Manual. Routledge.
5. Benson, J. B., & Haith, M. M. (2010). Social and Emotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood. Academic Press.
6. Berzenski S. R. (2019). Distinct emotion regulation skills explain psychopathology and problems in social relationships following childhood emotional abuse and neglect. Development and psychopathology, 31(2), 483–496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000020
7. Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1990). Differential adult symptomatology associated with three types of child abuse histories. Child abuse & neglect, 14(3), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(90)90007-g
8. Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(2), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013
9. Committee on Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade: Phase II, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Law and Justice, Institute of Medicine, & National Research Council. (2014). New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research. In A. C. Petersen, J. Joseph, & M. Feit (Eds.), PubMed. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK195985/
10. Di-Bartolo, P. M., & Helt, M. (2007). Theoretical Models of affectionate versus Affectionless control in Anxious Families: A critical examination based on observations of Parent–Child interactions. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10(3), 253–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-007-0017-5
11. Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Chapman, D. P., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003). Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. PEDIATRICS, 111(3), 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.3.564
12. Farahani, F. V., Karwowski, W., & Lighthall, N. R. (2019). Application of graph Theory for identifying connectivity patterns in human brain networks: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00585
13. Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child abuse & neglect, 32(6), 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.12.018
14. Garber, J., & Dodge, K. A. (1991). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation. Cambridge University Press.
15. Goldman, P. S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Bradford, B., Christopoulos, A., Ken, P. L. A., Cuthbert, C., Duchinsky, R., Fox, N. A., Grigoras, S., Gunnar, M. R., Ibrahim, R. W., Johnson, D., Kusumaningrum, S., Agastya, N. L. P. M., Mwangangi, F. M., Nelson, C. A., Ott, E. M., Reijman, S., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation of children 2: policy and practice recommendations for global, national, and local actors. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(8), 606–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30060-2
16. Green, A. G. (1993). Child Sexual Abuse: Immediate and Long-Term Effects and Intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(5), 890–902. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199309000-00002
17. Hodgdon, H., Kinniburgh, K. M., Gabowitz, D., Blaustein, M. E., & Spinazzola, J. (2013). Development and Implementation of Trauma-Informed Programming in Youth Residential Treatment Centers Using the ARC Framework. Journal of Family Violence, 28(7), 679–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9531-z
18. Khantzian E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard review of psychiatry, 4(5), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229709030550
19. Kiburi, S. K., Molebatsi, K., Obondo, A., & Kuria, M. W. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences among patients with substance use disorders at a referral psychiatric hospital in Kenya. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1780-1
20. Lee, V. H., & Hoaken, P. N. S. (2007). Cognition, Emotion, and Neurobiological Development: Mediating the Relation Between Maltreatment and Aggression. Child Maltreatment, 12(3), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559507303778
21. Masten, A. S. (2013). Global Perspectives on Resilience in Children and Youth. Child Development, 85(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205
22. Min, M. O., Minnes, S., Kim, H. S., & Singer, L. T. (2013). Pathways linking childhood maltreatment and adult physical health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(6), 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.008
23. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, & Committee on Supporting the Parents of Young Children. (2016). Parenting Matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0-8. In H. Breiner, M. Ford, & V. L. Gadsden (Eds.), PubMed. National Academies Press (US). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27997088/
24. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). (2008). Drug Misuse: Psychosocial Interventions. In PubMed. British Psychological Society (UK). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21834194/
25. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management. British Psychological Society (UK).
26. Rivara, F., Le Menestrel, S., Committee on the Biological and Psychosocial Effects of Peer Victimization: Lessons for Bullying Prevention, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Health and Medicine Division, & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (Eds.). (2016). Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. National Academies Press (US).
27. Rodgers, C. S., Lang, A. J., Laffaye, C., Satz, L. E., Dresselhaus, T. R., & Stein, M. B. (2004). The impact of individual forms of childhood maltreatment on health behavior. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(5), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.002
28. Sanchez-Samper, X., & Knight, J. R. (2009). Drug Abuse by Adolescents: General Considerations. Pediatrics in Review, 30(3), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30-3-83
29. Tripp, J. C., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., Avery, M. L., & Bracken, K. L. (2015). PTSD Symptoms, Emotion Dysregulation, and Alcohol-Related Consequences Among College Students with a Trauma History. Journal of dual diagnosis, 11(2), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2015.1025013
30. Vannan, A., Powell, G. L., Scott, S., Pagni, B. A., & Neisewander, J. L. (2018b). Animal Models of the Impact of Social Stress on Cocaine Use Disorders. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 131–169). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.005
31. Webb, J., & Musello, C. (2012). Running on empty: Overcome Your Childhood Emotional Neglect. Morgan James Publishing.
32. Wolff, S., Holl, J., Stopsack, M., Arens, E. A., Höcker, A., Staben, K. A., Hiller, P., Klein, M., Schäfer, I., & Barnow, S. (2016). Does Emotion Dysregulation Mediate the Relationship between Early Maltreatment and Later Substance Dependence? Findings of the CANSAS Study. European Addiction Research, 22(6), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447397
33. Wolff, S., Holl, J., Stopsack, M., Arens, E. A., Höcker, A., Staben, K. A., Hiller, P., Klein, M., Schäfer, I., & Barnow, S. (2016). Does Emotion Dysregulation Mediate the Relationship between Early Maltreatment and Later Substance Dependence? Findings of the CANSAS Study. European Addiction Research, 22(6), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447397
2. Assink, M., Van Der Put, C. E., Meeuwsen, M. W. C. M., De Jong, N. M., Oort, F. J., Stams, G. J., & Hoeve, M. (2019). Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 145(5), 459–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000188
3. Barahmand, U., Khazaee, A., & Hashjin, G. S. (2016). Emotion Dysregulation Mediates Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Motives for Substance Use. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2016.02.007
4. Bell, L. (2004). Managing Intense Emotions and Overcoming Self-Destructive Habits: A Self-Help Manual. Routledge.
5. Benson, J. B., & Haith, M. M. (2010). Social and Emotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood. Academic Press.
6. Berzenski S. R. (2019). Distinct emotion regulation skills explain psychopathology and problems in social relationships following childhood emotional abuse and neglect. Development and psychopathology, 31(2), 483–496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000020
7. Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1990). Differential adult symptomatology associated with three types of child abuse histories. Child abuse & neglect, 14(3), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(90)90007-g
8. Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(2), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013
9. Committee on Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade: Phase II, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Law and Justice, Institute of Medicine, & National Research Council. (2014). New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research. In A. C. Petersen, J. Joseph, & M. Feit (Eds.), PubMed. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK195985/
10. Di-Bartolo, P. M., & Helt, M. (2007). Theoretical Models of affectionate versus Affectionless control in Anxious Families: A critical examination based on observations of Parent–Child interactions. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10(3), 253–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-007-0017-5
11. Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Chapman, D. P., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003). Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. PEDIATRICS, 111(3), 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.3.564
12. Farahani, F. V., Karwowski, W., & Lighthall, N. R. (2019). Application of graph Theory for identifying connectivity patterns in human brain networks: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00585
13. Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child abuse & neglect, 32(6), 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.12.018
14. Garber, J., & Dodge, K. A. (1991). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation. Cambridge University Press.
15. Goldman, P. S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Bradford, B., Christopoulos, A., Ken, P. L. A., Cuthbert, C., Duchinsky, R., Fox, N. A., Grigoras, S., Gunnar, M. R., Ibrahim, R. W., Johnson, D., Kusumaningrum, S., Agastya, N. L. P. M., Mwangangi, F. M., Nelson, C. A., Ott, E. M., Reijman, S., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation of children 2: policy and practice recommendations for global, national, and local actors. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(8), 606–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30060-2
16. Green, A. G. (1993). Child Sexual Abuse: Immediate and Long-Term Effects and Intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(5), 890–902. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199309000-00002
17. Hodgdon, H., Kinniburgh, K. M., Gabowitz, D., Blaustein, M. E., & Spinazzola, J. (2013). Development and Implementation of Trauma-Informed Programming in Youth Residential Treatment Centers Using the ARC Framework. Journal of Family Violence, 28(7), 679–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9531-z
18. Khantzian E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard review of psychiatry, 4(5), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229709030550
19. Kiburi, S. K., Molebatsi, K., Obondo, A., & Kuria, M. W. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences among patients with substance use disorders at a referral psychiatric hospital in Kenya. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1780-1
20. Lee, V. H., & Hoaken, P. N. S. (2007). Cognition, Emotion, and Neurobiological Development: Mediating the Relation Between Maltreatment and Aggression. Child Maltreatment, 12(3), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559507303778
21. Masten, A. S. (2013). Global Perspectives on Resilience in Children and Youth. Child Development, 85(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205
22. Min, M. O., Minnes, S., Kim, H. S., & Singer, L. T. (2013). Pathways linking childhood maltreatment and adult physical health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(6), 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.008
23. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, & Committee on Supporting the Parents of Young Children. (2016). Parenting Matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0-8. In H. Breiner, M. Ford, & V. L. Gadsden (Eds.), PubMed. National Academies Press (US). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27997088/
24. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). (2008). Drug Misuse: Psychosocial Interventions. In PubMed. British Psychological Society (UK). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21834194/
25. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management. British Psychological Society (UK).
26. Rivara, F., Le Menestrel, S., Committee on the Biological and Psychosocial Effects of Peer Victimization: Lessons for Bullying Prevention, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Health and Medicine Division, & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (Eds.). (2016). Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. National Academies Press (US).
27. Rodgers, C. S., Lang, A. J., Laffaye, C., Satz, L. E., Dresselhaus, T. R., & Stein, M. B. (2004). The impact of individual forms of childhood maltreatment on health behavior. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(5), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.002
28. Sanchez-Samper, X., & Knight, J. R. (2009). Drug Abuse by Adolescents: General Considerations. Pediatrics in Review, 30(3), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30-3-83
29. Tripp, J. C., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., Avery, M. L., & Bracken, K. L. (2015). PTSD Symptoms, Emotion Dysregulation, and Alcohol-Related Consequences Among College Students with a Trauma History. Journal of dual diagnosis, 11(2), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2015.1025013
30. Vannan, A., Powell, G. L., Scott, S., Pagni, B. A., & Neisewander, J. L. (2018b). Animal Models of the Impact of Social Stress on Cocaine Use Disorders. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 131–169). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.005
31. Webb, J., & Musello, C. (2012). Running on empty: Overcome Your Childhood Emotional Neglect. Morgan James Publishing.
32. Wolff, S., Holl, J., Stopsack, M., Arens, E. A., Höcker, A., Staben, K. A., Hiller, P., Klein, M., Schäfer, I., & Barnow, S. (2016). Does Emotion Dysregulation Mediate the Relationship between Early Maltreatment and Later Substance Dependence? Findings of the CANSAS Study. European Addiction Research, 22(6), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447397
33. Wolff, S., Holl, J., Stopsack, M., Arens, E. A., Höcker, A., Staben, K. A., Hiller, P., Klein, M., Schäfer, I., & Barnow, S. (2016). Does Emotion Dysregulation Mediate the Relationship between Early Maltreatment and Later Substance Dependence? Findings of the CANSAS Study. European Addiction Research, 22(6), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447397
Article Sidebar
Published
Aug 30, 2024
Article Details
How to Cite
Safa Zia, Dr. Asma Sikandar, Dr. Sehrish Khan, Soniya Shams, & Baber Khan Jadoon. (2024). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL NEGLECT IN CHILDHOOD AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN ADULTHOOD AMONG MALE ADULTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 3284-3295. https://doi.org/10.53555/45ky4t04
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author Biographies
Safa Zia
MS Scholar, Department of Applied Psychology m, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Dr. Asma Sikandar
Assistant professor, Department of Applied Psychology,Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Dr. Sehrish Khan
Assistant professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Pakistan.
Soniya Shams
Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Baber Khan Jadoon
Assistant professor, Department of Humanities,COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan.
How to Cite
Safa Zia, Dr. Asma Sikandar, Dr. Sehrish Khan, Soniya Shams, & Baber Khan Jadoon. (2024). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL NEGLECT IN CHILDHOOD AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN ADULTHOOD AMONG MALE ADULTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 3284-3295. https://doi.org/10.53555/45ky4t04