INCIDENCE, ESTIMATE AND PRESENTATION OF NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL’S OF QUETTA BALOCHISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Basosquamous Carcinoma (BSC), Cutaneous Cancer (CC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), Ultraviolet light (UV)
Abstract
Abstract:
Objectives: To estimate the incidence, frequency, risk factors including age, gender related differences, site, laterality and occupational hazards of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) include Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs), Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and Basosquamous skin cancer (BSC) presenting in Tertiary care Hospitals of the Quetta, Baluchistan.
Patients and methods:
Design: A descriptive analytic cross-sectional study conducted in Pathology departments of Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Sandeman Civil Provisional Hospital and Center of Nuclear and Atomic Radiation (CENAR) Hospital Quetta setup from 1st December 2019 to 30th November 2022, including all the surgically resected biopsy specimens of non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies received in the department. The history included the age, gender, site, laterality and occupation of the patient’s. Incidence rate with reference to age, gender, occupational hazards and types of non-melanoma skin cancers were calculated.
Results: A total of 273 samples of non-melanoma skin cancers were included in this study with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. SCC was the commonest malignancy (54.5%) followed by BCC (43.5%) and Basosquamous carcinoma (02%). Majority of the male patients were farmers (51%). Only 0.6% of the males were office workers. Face was the most commonly affected area for both SCC and BCC followed by neck and limbs.
Conclusion: The main aim of the study is to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these malignancies by the proper awareness regarding the disease and UV light protection, early detection, rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment.
References
2. Salati, A. S. (2019). Awareness about skin cancer in expatriates from the Indian subcontinent in the Middle East: a study. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists, 29(1), 51-58.
3. Gloster, H. M., Jr and Neal, K. (2006). Skin cancer in skin of color. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 55(5), 741–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.08.063
4. Ahmad M. Cutaneous malignancies presenting in a private plastic surgery setup. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 2012, 22, 19-23.
5. National Cancer Institute. Genetics of Skin Cancer (PDQ®) Health Professional Version. 2019. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-genetics-pdq on May 31, 2019.
6. Madan, V., Lear, J. T. andSzeimies, R. M. (2010). Non-melanoma skin cancer. The lancet, 375(9715), 673-685.
7. Nanz, L., Keim, U., Katalinic, A., Meyer, T., Garbe, C and Leiter, U. (2024). Epidemiology of Keratinocyte Skin Cancer with a Focus on Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers, 16(3), 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030606
8. Garcovich, S., Colloca, G., Sollena, P., Andrea, B., Balducci, L., Cho, W. C., Bernabei, R. and Peris, K. (2017). Skin Cancer Epidemics in the Elderly as An Emerging Issue in Geriatric Oncology. Aging and disease, 8(5), 643–661. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2017.0503
9. Samarasinghe, V and Madan, V. (2012). Nonmelanoma skin cancer. Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery, 5(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.94323
10. Andrade, P1, Brites, MM2, Vieira, R2, Mariano, A3, Reis, JP3.Tellechea, O4. Epidemiology of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas in a Department of Dermatology - a 5 year review.An Bras Dermatol. 2012, 87(2), 212-19.
11. Leiter U, Keim U, and Garbe C (2020) Epidemiology of Skin Cancer: Update 2019. In: Reichrath J. (eds) Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1268. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_6
12. Wehner, M. R, Cidre Serrano, W, Nosrati, A, Schoen, P. M., Chren, M. M., Boscardin, J and Linos, E. (2018). All-cause mortality in patients with basal and squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(4), 663–672.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.11.026
13. Langbecker, D., Diaz, A., Chan, R. J., Marquart, L., Hevey, D and Hamilton, J. (2018). Educational programs for primary prevention of skin cancer. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(3), CD011061. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011061.pub2
14. Dean, NR, Sweeny,L.,Magnuson, JS, Carroll, WR, Robinson, D, Desmond, RA, and Rosenthal EL. Outcomes of Recurrent Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vol 2011 |Article ID 972497 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/972497
15. Manzoor, H., Ahmed, N ., Tanveer, Z ., Ahmed, KN ., Ahmed, M ., Sadiq, M ., Khan, F,and Shuja, J. Variation in Skin Cancer Pattern in the Southwestern Region of Pakistan. P J M H S Vol. 15, No.12, DEC 2021 3403.
16. Adinarayan M, Krishnmurthy SP. Clinicopathological evaluation of nonmelanoma shin cancer. Indian J Dermatol, 2011;56(6):670-2. DOI:10:4103/0019-5154.91826.
17. Asuquo ME, Ngim O, UgareG, OmotosoJ, and Ebughe G. Major dermatologic malignancies encountered in a teaching hospital surgical department in South Nigeria. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2008;9(6):383-7. DOI:10.2165/0128071-200809060-00004.
18. Rehman, S. H., Majid, B., Syed, S. A., and Qureshi, M. A. (2021). Quantitative Analyses of Skin Cancer Research in Pakistan. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 37(2), 582–587. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2889
19. Lazar, M., Davis,A. and Diamandis, C. Skin cancer prevention: which strategy is the most promising?- 2021 - researchgate.net.
20. Ahmed, A, Alam, M. B., Khan, W., Badar, A., and Shah, S. H. (2007). Frequency and characteristics of skin cancers diagnosed at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad Pakistan from 1995-2003. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC, 19(4), 3–6.
21. Wong, C. S, Strange, R. C, and Lear, J. T. (2003). Basal cell carcinoma. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 327(7418), 794–798. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7418.794
22. Al-Qarqaz, F., Marji, M., Bodoor, K., Almomani, R., Al Gargaz, W., Alshiyab, D., Muhaidat, J, and Alqudah, M. (2018). Clinical and Demographic Features of Basal Cell Carcinoma in North Jordan. Journal of skin cancer, 2018, 2624054. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2624054
23. Sarfraz, T, Tariq, H., Iftikhar, N., Raza, N, Malik, N.A, Khan, S.A, and Jaffa, S.R. (2019). Frequency and histological pattern of malignant skin lesions in Pakistani population. Army Medical College/National University Of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan, *Pak Emirates Military Hospital/National University Of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan Pak Armed Forces Med J 2019, 69 (1), 83-86 83.
24. Muzic J. G., Schmitt A. R., Wright A. C., Alniemi D. T., Zubair A. S., Olazagasti Lourido J. M., Sosa Seda I. M., Weaver A. L., and Baum C. L (2017). Incidence and trends of basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based study in olmsted county, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010, Mayo Clinic Proceedings. (2017) 92, no. 6, 890–898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.015,2-s2.0-85019500699.
25. Razi, S., Enayatrad, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Salehiniya, H., Fathali-Loy-Dizaji, M., and Soltani, S. (2015). The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer and its Trend in Iran. International journal of preventive medicine, 6, 64. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.161074
26. Shulstad, Raymond,M., Proper., Steven. Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association: Jan 2010, 2(1), 12-16.doi: 10.1097/JDN.0b013e3181cb5165
27. Aandani, A., and Ganatra, M.A. (2011). Incidence of Basal Cell Carcinoma at Plastic Surgery Department of tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
28. Fotiadou, C., Apalla, Z., and Lazaridou, E. (2021). Basosquamous Carcinoma: A Commentary. Cancers, 13(23), 6146. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236146
29. Ciążyńska, M., Kamińska-Winciorek, G., Lange, D., Lewandowski, B., Reich, A., Sławińska, M., Pabianek,etal;. (2021). The incidence and clinical analysis of non-melanoma skin cancer. Scientific reports, 11(1), 4337. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83502-8
30. Kratz, C. P, Jongmans, M. C., Cavé, H., Wimmer, K., Behjati, S., Guerrini-Rousseau, L and Bourdeaut, F. (2021). Predisposition to cancer in children and adolescents. The lancet child & adolescent health, 5(2), 142-154.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Syed Muhammad Ishaque
Associate Professor * Department of Pathology, Bolan Medical College, Consultant Pathologist Sandeman Civil Provincial Hospital Quetta Balochistan.
Dr Shaista Gul
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Bolan Medical College. Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta
Dr Asad Ullah
Assistant Professor, Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology(CASVAB) University of Baluchistan, Quetta.
Dr Muhammad Usman
Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Bolan Medical College, Sandeman Civil Provincial Hospital Quetta
Dr Muhammad Mazhar
Assistant Professor Department of Pathology (Microbiology), Loralai Medical College Loralai.
Dr Abdullah Jan Panzai
Associate Professor Department of Pharmacology, Loralai Medical College Loralai.
Dr Zahid Mustaffa
Professor, Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB) University of Balochistan Quetta
Dr Shahaid Pervez
Professor Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi.
Dr. Attia Gul
Senior Medical Officer, Sheikh Khalifah Bin Zayyad Hospital, Quetta