AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE PROGRESSION IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Air pollution, neurodegenerative diseases, post-operative patients, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, cognitive decline, environmental regulations, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress
Abstract
Introduction: This meta-analysis examines the impact of air pollution on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases in post-operative patients. By synthesizing data from global studies, it highlights the contributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and other pollutants to cognitive decline and disease aggravation.
Methods: Data were synthesized from a comprehensive review of global studies published between 2000 and 2023, focusing on the effects of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
Results: The findings indicate a robust correlation between prolonged exposure to air pollutants and an accelerated rate of cognitive decline and disease progression. Specifically, long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO₂ was associated with increased neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and compromised blood-brain barrier integrity.
Conclusion: These results highlight the urgent need for strict environmental regulations and targeted public health initiatives aimed at reducing air pollution levels.
Methods: Data were synthesized from a comprehensive review of global studies published between 2000 and 2023, focusing on the effects of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
Results: The findings indicate a robust correlation between prolonged exposure to air pollutants and an accelerated rate of cognitive decline and disease progression. Specifically, long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO₂ was associated with increased neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and compromised blood-brain barrier integrity.
Conclusion: These results highlight the urgent need for strict environmental regulations and targeted public health initiatives aimed at reducing air pollution levels.
References
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2. Cacciottolo, M., Wang, X., Driscoll, I., et al. (2017). Particulate air pollutants, APOE alleles and their contributions to cognitive impairment in older women and amyloidogenesis in experimental models. Translational Psychiatry, 7(1), e1022. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.280
3. Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., & Villarreal-Ríos, R. (2017). Living close to high air pollution levels is associated with neuroinflammation, altered innate immune responses, and Alzheimer’s disease. Environmental Research, 158, 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.021
4. Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., & Villarreal-Ríos, R. (2017). Living close to high air pollution levels is associated with neuroinflammation, altered innate immune responses, and Alzheimer’s disease. Environmental Research, 158, 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.021
5. Chen, H., Kwong, J. C., Copes, R., et al. (2017). Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of dementia: A population-based cohort study. Environment International, 108, 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.020
6. Cheng, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, C. (2020). Air pollution and blood-brain barrier disruption: An emerging neuroinflammatory pathway. Science Advances, 6(12), eaay0796. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay0796
7. Dorsey, E. R., Sherer, D., Okun, M. S., & Bloem, B. R. (2018). The emerging evidence of the role of air pollution in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 33(7), 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27519
8. Fonken, L. K., Xu, X., Weil, Z. M., et al. (2011). Air pollution impairs cognition, provokes depressive-like behaviours, and alters hippocampal cytokine expression and morphology. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(10), 987–995. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.76
9. Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2019). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
10. Kilian, J., & Kitazawa, M. (2020). Effects of air pollution on cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 70, 103293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2020.103293
11. Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., Acosta, N. J. R., et al. (2018). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The Lancet, 391(10119), 462–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0
12. Maher, B. A., Ahmed, I. A., & Davies, M. (2018). Magnetite pollution particles in the human brain: Their contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(10), 5616–5623. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04644
13. Maher, B. A., Ahmed, I. A., Davison, B., et al. (2016). Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(39), 10797–10801. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605941113
14. McCreary, B. C., & Slotkin, T. A. (2016). Air pollution and development of neurodegenerative disorders. Developmental Neuroscience, 38(5), 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1159/000449450
15. Peters, A., & Dockery, D. W. (2018). Health effects of air pollution: A focus on human disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(10), 101003. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3849
16. Peters, R., Ee, N., Peters, J., et al. (2019). Air pollution and dementia: A systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 70(1), S145–S163. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180631
17. Rajagopalan, S., Al-Kindi, S. G., & Brook, R. D. (2018). Air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(17), 2054–2070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.099
18. Rajagopalan, S., Al-Kindi, S. G., & Brook, R. D. (2018). Air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(17), 2054–2070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.099
19. Schwartz, J., & Park, Y. M. (2017). Air pollution and neurodegeneration: A review of the evidence. Environmental Research, 151, 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.019.
20. Terrando, N., Eriksson, L. I., & Ryu, J. K. (2011). Neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction after surgery: The role of the blood-brain barrier. Anesthesiology, 115(6), 1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e318238b68f
21. Thurston, G. D., Kipen, H., Annesi-Maesano, I., et al. (2017). A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? The European Respiratory Journal, 49(1), 1600419. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00419-2016
22. Wilker, E. H., Preis, S. R., Beiser, A. S., et al. (2015). Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, residential proximity to major roads, and measures of brain structure. Stroke, 46(5), 1161–1166. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.008348
23. Xu, X., Ha, S. U., & Basnet, R. (2022). A review of epidemiological research on adverse neurological effects of exposure to ambient air pollution. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 867108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.867108
24. Younan, D., Wang, X., Petkus, A. J., et al. (2020). Air quality improvement and cognitive decline: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. PLOS Medicine, 17(11), e1003490. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003490
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Published
Nov 16, 2024
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How to Cite
Muhammad Haider, Maryum Tayyab, Hamza Saeed, Maham Mujeeb, & Hamza Mahmood. (2024). AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE PROGRESSION IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3534-3547. https://doi.org/10.53555/n5prkp06
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Author Biographies
Muhammad Haider
Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne District general hospital
Maryum Tayyab
Department of Surgery, Rehman Hospital Faisalabad
Hamza Saeed
khawaja Fareed university of engineering and information technology,RYK
Maham Mujeeb
Department of Acute medicine, Walsall Manor Hospital, UK
Hamza Mahmood
Faisalabad Medical university
How to Cite
Muhammad Haider, Maryum Tayyab, Hamza Saeed, Maham Mujeeb, & Hamza Mahmood. (2024). AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE PROGRESSION IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3534-3547. https://doi.org/10.53555/n5prkp06