ASSESSMENT OF CHANGE IN EMPATHY IN MBBS STUDENTS TOWARDS PATIENTS AFTER RURAL SETTING EXPOSURE IN A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE OF INDORE (M.P).
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Abstract
● Background : Empathy is defined as “a personality trait that enables one to identify with another’s situation, thoughts, or condition by placing oneself in their situation. However Definitions of empathy may also include cognitive, emotional, behavioural, interpretive, and moral aspects. Medical students’ empathy has been widely researched, most of the time using self-report measures for example the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, however such studies on empathy have rarely been conducted on Medical Students in India, in spite of there being a dire need to address the issues on empathy.
● Aim & Objectives: To assess the change in empathy among phase 3 medical students after exposure to patients and their surroundings.
● Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on 104 phase 3 medical students in SAMC & PGI, using a questionnaire based on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (S- Version). Exposure was provided in the form of field visits to the patients’ homes for Family surveys.
● Results: The results suggest mostly positive impact in terms of change in empathy among majority of the students, and the change is much higher in female students as compared to male students.
● Conclusion: The results obtained do mimic the results that have been obtained by majority of the studies conducted in similar settings, however the study needs to be conducted on a more grand scale so as to reduce any bias that may arise.
● Aim & Objectives: To assess the change in empathy among phase 3 medical students after exposure to patients and their surroundings.
● Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on 104 phase 3 medical students in SAMC & PGI, using a questionnaire based on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (S- Version). Exposure was provided in the form of field visits to the patients’ homes for Family surveys.
● Results: The results suggest mostly positive impact in terms of change in empathy among majority of the students, and the change is much higher in female students as compared to male students.
● Conclusion: The results obtained do mimic the results that have been obtained by majority of the studies conducted in similar settings, however the study needs to be conducted on a more grand scale so as to reduce any bias that may arise.
References
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3. Quince T, Thiemann P, Benson J, Hyde S. Undergraduate Medical Students& 39; empathy: Current perspectives. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2016;Volume 7:443–55. doi:10.2147/amep.s76800
4. Olsen LD, Gebremariam H. Disciplining empathy: Differences in empathy with U.S. medical students by college major. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine. 2020;26(4):475–94. doi:10.1177/1363459320967055
5. Pohontsch NJ, Stark A, Ehrhardt M, Kötter T, Scherer M. Influences on students’ empathy in medical education: An exploratory interview study with medical students in their third and last year. BMC Medical Education. 2018;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12909-018-1335-7
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7. O’Donnell L, Carson L, Forciea MA, et al. What students experienced: a narrative analysis of essays written by first-year medical students participating in a geriatrics home visit. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(9):1592‐1597.
8. Silk HJ, Weber CM. A cultural home visit training experience in medical school. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2008;20(4):323‐327.
9. Braun UK, Gill AC, Teal CR, Morrison LJ. The utility of reflective writing after a palliative care experience: can we assess medical students’ professionalism? J Palliat Med. 2013;16(11):1342‐1349.
10. Rojí R, Noguera-Tejedor A, Pikabea-Díaz F, Carrasco JM, Centeno C. Palliative Care Bedside Teaching: A Qualitative Analysis of Medical Students’ Reflective Writings after Clinical Practices. J Palliat Med. 2017;20(2):147-154.
11. Page AE, Walker-Bartnick L, Taler GA, Snow DA, Wertheimer DS, Al-Ibrahim MS. A program to teach house calls for the elderly to fourth-year medical students. J Med Educ. 1988 Jan;63(1):51‐58.
12. Denton GD, Rodriguez R, Hemmer PA, Harder J, Short P, Hanson JL. A prospective controlled trial of the influence of a geriatrics home visit program on medical student knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards care of the elderly. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(5):599‐605. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0945-5
13. Stumbar S, Lage O, Whisenant EB, Brown DR. Developing the community engaged physician: medical students reflect on a household visit curriculum. Cureus. 2020 Nov 20;12(11):e11593. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11593
14. Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, Brainard G, Herrine SK, Isenberg GA, et al. The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2009;84:1182–91.
15. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, et al. An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Med Educ. 2004;38(9):934–941.
16. Haidet P, Daines JE, Paterniti DA, et al. Medical student attitudes towards the doctor-patient relationship. Med Educ. 2002;36(6): 568–574.
17. Woloschuk P, Harasym PH, Temple W. Attitude change during medical school: a cohort study. Med Educ. 2004;38(5):522–534.
18. Khademalhosseini M, Khademalhosseini Z, Mahmoodian F. Comparison of empathy score among medical students in both basic and clinical levels. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2014;2(2):88–91.
19. Hegazi I, Wilson I. Maintaining empathy in medical school: it is possible. Med Teach. 2013;35(12):1002–1008.
20. Magalhaes E, Salgueira AP, Costa P, Costa MJ. Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2011;11(52):1472–6920.
21. Youssef FF, Nunes P, Sa B, Williams S. An exploration of changes in cognitive and emotional empathy among medical students in the Caribbean. Int J Med Educ. 2014;5:185–192. doi: 10.5116/ijme.5412.e641.
22. Chen DC, Kirshenbaum DS, Yan J, Kirshenbaum E, Aseltine RH. Characterizing changes in student empathy throughout medical school. Med Teach. 2012;34(4):305–311.
23. Chatterjee A, Ravikumar R, Singh S, Chauhan PS, Goel M. Clinical empathy in medical students in India measured using the Jefferson scale of empathy-student version. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:33.
24. Dehning S, Girma E, Gasperi S, Meyer S, Tesfaye M, Siebeck M. Comparative cross-sectional study of empathy among first year and final year medical students in Jimma University, Ethiopia: steady state of the heart and opening of the eyes. BMC Med Educ. 2012;12:34.
2. Eikeland H-L, Ørnes K, Finset A, Pedersen R. The physician’s role and empathy – a qualitative study of third year medical students. BMC Medical Education. 2014;14(1). doi:10.1186/1472-6920-14-165
3. Quince T, Thiemann P, Benson J, Hyde S. Undergraduate Medical Students& 39; empathy: Current perspectives. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2016;Volume 7:443–55. doi:10.2147/amep.s76800
4. Olsen LD, Gebremariam H. Disciplining empathy: Differences in empathy with U.S. medical students by college major. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine. 2020;26(4):475–94. doi:10.1177/1363459320967055
5. Pohontsch NJ, Stark A, Ehrhardt M, Kötter T, Scherer M. Influences on students’ empathy in medical education: An exploratory interview study with medical students in their third and last year. BMC Medical Education. 2018;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12909-018-1335-7
6. Neeraj V, Dulloo P, Sharma D, Singh P. Humanitarian approach in medicine: A study on clinical empathy among medical students and graduates using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Natl Med J India. 2022 Mar-Apr;35(2):100-104. doi: 10.25259/NMJI_285_21. PMID: 36461856.
7. O’Donnell L, Carson L, Forciea MA, et al. What students experienced: a narrative analysis of essays written by first-year medical students participating in a geriatrics home visit. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(9):1592‐1597.
8. Silk HJ, Weber CM. A cultural home visit training experience in medical school. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2008;20(4):323‐327.
9. Braun UK, Gill AC, Teal CR, Morrison LJ. The utility of reflective writing after a palliative care experience: can we assess medical students’ professionalism? J Palliat Med. 2013;16(11):1342‐1349.
10. Rojí R, Noguera-Tejedor A, Pikabea-Díaz F, Carrasco JM, Centeno C. Palliative Care Bedside Teaching: A Qualitative Analysis of Medical Students’ Reflective Writings after Clinical Practices. J Palliat Med. 2017;20(2):147-154.
11. Page AE, Walker-Bartnick L, Taler GA, Snow DA, Wertheimer DS, Al-Ibrahim MS. A program to teach house calls for the elderly to fourth-year medical students. J Med Educ. 1988 Jan;63(1):51‐58.
12. Denton GD, Rodriguez R, Hemmer PA, Harder J, Short P, Hanson JL. A prospective controlled trial of the influence of a geriatrics home visit program on medical student knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards care of the elderly. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(5):599‐605. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0945-5
13. Stumbar S, Lage O, Whisenant EB, Brown DR. Developing the community engaged physician: medical students reflect on a household visit curriculum. Cureus. 2020 Nov 20;12(11):e11593. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11593
14. Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, Brainard G, Herrine SK, Isenberg GA, et al. The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2009;84:1182–91.
15. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, et al. An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Med Educ. 2004;38(9):934–941.
16. Haidet P, Daines JE, Paterniti DA, et al. Medical student attitudes towards the doctor-patient relationship. Med Educ. 2002;36(6): 568–574.
17. Woloschuk P, Harasym PH, Temple W. Attitude change during medical school: a cohort study. Med Educ. 2004;38(5):522–534.
18. Khademalhosseini M, Khademalhosseini Z, Mahmoodian F. Comparison of empathy score among medical students in both basic and clinical levels. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2014;2(2):88–91.
19. Hegazi I, Wilson I. Maintaining empathy in medical school: it is possible. Med Teach. 2013;35(12):1002–1008.
20. Magalhaes E, Salgueira AP, Costa P, Costa MJ. Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2011;11(52):1472–6920.
21. Youssef FF, Nunes P, Sa B, Williams S. An exploration of changes in cognitive and emotional empathy among medical students in the Caribbean. Int J Med Educ. 2014;5:185–192. doi: 10.5116/ijme.5412.e641.
22. Chen DC, Kirshenbaum DS, Yan J, Kirshenbaum E, Aseltine RH. Characterizing changes in student empathy throughout medical school. Med Teach. 2012;34(4):305–311.
23. Chatterjee A, Ravikumar R, Singh S, Chauhan PS, Goel M. Clinical empathy in medical students in India measured using the Jefferson scale of empathy-student version. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:33.
24. Dehning S, Girma E, Gasperi S, Meyer S, Tesfaye M, Siebeck M. Comparative cross-sectional study of empathy among first year and final year medical students in Jimma University, Ethiopia: steady state of the heart and opening of the eyes. BMC Med Educ. 2012;12:34.
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Published
Sep 14, 2024
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How to Cite
Dr. Apurv Bhupendra Thakur, Dr. Chetan Mathur, Dr. Snehal Mishra, Dr. Ritesh Upadhyay, & Dr. R. R. Wavare. (2024). ASSESSMENT OF CHANGE IN EMPATHY IN MBBS STUDENTS TOWARDS PATIENTS AFTER RURAL SETTING EXPOSURE IN A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE OF INDORE (M.P). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3528-3533. https://doi.org/10.53555/4bmbt606
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Author Biographies
Dr. Apurv Bhupendra Thakur
Associate Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, SAMC & PGI, Indore, MP, India
Dr. Chetan Mathur
Asst. Professor, Dept. of General Medicine, SAMC & PGI, Indore, MP, India
Dr. Snehal Mishra
DM Resident, Department of Nephrology, SAMC & PGI, Indore, MP
Dr. Ritesh Upadhyay
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, Chindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, MP, India,
Dr. R. R. Wavare
Dean and Professor, SAMC & PGI, Indore, MP, India
How to Cite
Dr. Apurv Bhupendra Thakur, Dr. Chetan Mathur, Dr. Snehal Mishra, Dr. Ritesh Upadhyay, & Dr. R. R. Wavare. (2024). ASSESSMENT OF CHANGE IN EMPATHY IN MBBS STUDENTS TOWARDS PATIENTS AFTER RURAL SETTING EXPOSURE IN A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE OF INDORE (M.P). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3528-3533. https://doi.org/10.53555/4bmbt606