PREVALENCE AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC RISK FACTORS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETIC MELLITUS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINICS AT OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PEOPLES MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL NAWABSHAH, SINDH, PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Body mass index, gestational diabetes mellitus, gravida, oral glucose tolerance test, random blood sugar, socio-demographic
Abstract
Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is serious consequences for both maternal and neonatal health. The growing number of non-communicable diseases and related risk factors as well as the introduction of new World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for GDM are likely to impact the GDM prevalence in Pakistan.
Aim: To determine the frequency and socio-demographic risk factors of GDM at obstetrics and Gynecology department of Peoples Medical College Hospital (PMCH), Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of obstetrics & Gynecology PMCH, Nawabshah, Pakistan from May 2022 to July 2022. A total of 216 pregnant females of 2nd and 3rd trimester were included. Random blood sugar (RBS) evaluation was done by electronic glucometer. Women whose RBS was ≥140mg/dl, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done adopting standard protocols. After 1-hour, blood glucose value ≥180mg/dl was labeled as GDM. Association of various socio-domographic characteristics was assessed with GDM applying chi-square test taking p<0.05 as significant.
Results: In a total of 216 pregnant women, the mean age was 26.75±4.9 years. There were 24 (11.1%) women who had RBS ≥ 140mg/dl. These 24 pregnant females with RBS≥ 140mg/dl underwent OGTT assessment, and OGTT was positive in 18 (8.3%) females. Age at the time of marriage (p < 0.001), third trimester (p=0.036), grand multigravida (p<0.001), higher BMI (p<0.001), poor educational status (p=0.030), family history of gestational diabetes (p=0.023), occupational status as housewives (p=0.001), physical inactivity (p=0.005), and middle-income category (p<0.001) were found to have significant association with GDM.
Conclusion: The current study revealed the prevalence of GDM as 8.3%. Factors such as marrying at an earlier age, grand multigravida, higher BMI, poor educational status, positive family history of GDM, being a housewife, physical inactivity (p = 0.005), and belonging to a middle-income category emerged as significant socio-demographic risk factors of GDM.
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Nusrat Nazir Siyal
MBBS, MSPH , Senior Women Medical Officer, Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah-Sindh, Pakistan
Riaz Ahmed Mangi
MBBS, MPH, CHPE , Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Peoples , University of Medical & Health for Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah-Sindh, Pakistan.
Noor Ali Samoon
MBBS, MPH, Professor and Dean, Department of Community Medicine, Peoples University of Medical & Health for Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah-Sindh, Pakistan.
Jawaid Hussain Lighari
MBBS, MPH, CHPE , Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Community Medicine, Peoples University of Medical & Health for Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah-Sindh, Pakistan.
Naila Yousif
MBBS, FCPS , Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peoples University of Medical & Health for Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah-Sindh, Pakistan
Parus Saleem
MBBS, MPH , Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Peoples University of Medical & Health for Women(PUMHSW), Nawabshah-Sindh, Pakistan