COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CAFFEINE AND AMINOPHYLLINE IN APNEA OF PREMATURITY

Abstract

Background: Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common condition in preterm infants, often requiring pharmacological intervention. Caffeine and aminophylline are two commonly used treatments, though their relative efficacy and safety profiles remain a topic of ongoing debate.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of caffeine and aminophylline in the management of AOP in preterm infants.

Study Design and Setting: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study conducted Pharmacology Department Mekran Medical College Turbat.

Methodology: A total of 130 preterm infants with AOP were randomly assigned to receive either caffeine (n=65) or aminophylline (n=65). The primary outcomes were the frequency and duration of apneic episodes, while secondary outcomes included side effects, length of hospitalization, and need for additional respiratory support. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, and results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or percentages as applicable.

Results: Caffeine significantly reduced the frequency and duration of apneic episodes compared to aminophylline, with 80% reduction in frequency and 75% reduction in duration in the caffeine group. Aminophylline showed a 65% reduction in both outcomes. Side effects were fewer in the caffeine group, with no cases of tachycardia, compared to 7% in the aminophylline group. The length of hospitalization was shorter in the caffeine group (14 ± 3.2 days vs. 18 ± 4.0 days, p<0.05), and the need for additional respiratory support was lower in the caffeine group (12% vs. 18%, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Caffeine is more effective and safer than aminophylline in the management of AOP, with a significant reduction in apneic episodes and fewer side effects.