VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION (VNS) FOR EPILEPSY: COMPARING OUTCOMES WITH DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY TREATMENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Abstract
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has become an encouraging treatment procedure for patients with DRE, especially in patients with intolerances/hypersensitivities to AEDs or ineligible for surgery. This systematic review meta-analyzed 20 studies to compare the effectiveness, side effects, and sustained benefits of VNS therapy with other treatments, epilepsy surgery, ketogenic diet, and newer generation AEDs. Details obtained from studies show that VNS reduces seizure frequency by 30-50 % and enhances the quality of seizure, life expectancy, and cognitive ability. The therapy is also safe judging by the side effects of therapy, with most reports of drug side effects being mild and thus easily dealt with, such as change of voice and sore throat. Evaluations from long-term investigations imply longer persistence of post-VNS improvements over several years with a utilization rate above eighty percent. Importantly, although SEGA yields higher seizure clearance rates and two-thirds of patients are free of seizures, VNS is safer than surgery and, hence, more appropriate for a wider population. It is also important to consider opportunities for future research as non-randomized studies dominate the evidence, as well as future and ongoing trials comparing VNS with newer-generation therapies such as RNS. Moreover, improvement of selection factors for this type of treatment might help to demonstrate better results in terms of effectiveness. Conclusively, VNS offers an effective additional option for managing DRE by improving actions in the regulation of seizures and increasing the quality of life with a good safety profile that creates possibilities for its further application in individualized epilepsy treatment.
References
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25. Jain, P., & Arya, R. (2021). Vagus nerve stimulation and seizure outcomes in pediatric refractory epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology, 96(22), 1041-1051.
26. Khan, M., Paktiawal, J., Piper, R. J., Chari, A., & Tisdall, M. M. (2021). Intracranial neuromodulation with deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 29(2), 208-217.
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28. Lampros, M., Vlachos, N., Zigouris, A., Voulgaris, S., & Alexiou, G. A. (2021). Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (t-VNS) and epilepsy: a systematic review of the literature. Seizure, 91, 40-48.
29. Li, Q., Shan, Y., Wei, P., & Zhao, G. (2024). The comparison of DBS and RNS for adult drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 18, 1429223.
30. Li, Y., & Meador, K. J. (2022). Epilepsy and pregnancy. CONTINUUM: Lifelong learning in neurology, 28(1), 34-54.
31. Löscher, W., Potschka, H., Sisodiya, S. M., & Vezzani, A. (2020). Drug resistance in epilepsy: clinical impact, potential mechanisms, and new innovative treatment options. Pharmacological reviews, 72(3), 606-638.
32. Mao, H., Chen, Y., Ge, Q., Ye, L., & Cheng, H. (2022). Short-and long-term response of vagus nerve stimulation therapy in drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 25(3), 327-342.
33. Melese, D. M., Aragaw, A., & Mekonen, W. (2024). The effect of Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on seizure control, cognitive function, and quality of life in individuals with drug‐resistant epilepsy: A systematic review article. Epilepsia Open.
34. Mir-Moghtadaei, A. (2024). Structural Neuroimaging Predictors and Correlates of Treatment Response for rTMS in Major Depressive Disorder (Doctoral dissertation).
35. Mohanty, D., Houck, K. M., Trandafir, C., Haneef, Z., Karakas, C., Lee, S., ... & Ali, I. (2024). Responsive neurostimulation of thalamic nuclei for regional and multifocal drug-resistant epilepsy in children and young adults. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 1(aop), 1-9.
36. Muthiah, N., Akwayena, E., Vodovotz, L., Sharma, N., Jeong, J. H., White, G. E., & Abel, T. J. (2022). Comparison of traditional and closed loop vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: a propensity-matched retrospective cohort study. Seizure, 94, 74-81.
37. Parums, D. V. (2021). Review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the updated preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 27, e934475-1.
38. Pedley, T. A. (2020). Classification of seizures and epilepsy. In The medical treatment of epilepsy (pp. 3-14). CRC Press.
39. Piazza, M. G., Varga, G., Welch, W., & Abel, T. J. (2023). The Utility of Responsive Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Brain Sciences, 13(10), 1455.
40. Poon, T. L. (2020). Presurgical evaluation of epilepsy surgery. In Epilepsy-Update on Classification, Etiologies, Instrumental Diagnosis and Treatment. IntechOpen.
41. Punia, V., Li, Y., Lapin, B., Chandan, P., Newey, C., Hantus, S., ... & Katzan, I. L. (2023). Impact of acute symptomatic seizures and their management on patient-reported outcomes after stroke. Epilepsy & Behavior, 140, 109115.
42. Raspin, C., Shankar, R., Barion, F., Pollit, V., Murphy, J., Sawyer, L., & Danielson, V. (2021). An economic evaluation of vagus nerve stimulation as an adjunctive treatment to anti-seizure medications for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in England. Journal of Medical Economics, 24(1), 1037-1051.
43. Raspin, C., Shankar, R., Barion, F., Pollit, V., Murphy, J., Sawyer, L., & Danielson, V. (2021). An economic evaluation of vagus nerve stimulation as an adjunctive treatment to anti-seizure medications for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in England. Journal of Medical Economics, 24(1), 1037-1051.
44. Reinholdsson, J. (2023). Seizure and non-seizure outcomes after epilepsy surgery in selected patient groups.
45. Rohatgi, P., Chivukula, S., Kashanian, A., & Bari, A. A. (2020). Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery: Principles and Applications, 187-204.
46. Rosal Lustosa, I. (2021). Modelli post-status epilepticus di epilessia del lobo temporale mesiale: nuovi aspetti della lesione cerebrale, rimodellamento e neuroprotezione.
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Published
Sep 21, 2024
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How to Cite
Dr. Abdulla Sharaf, Dr. Sarah Almaged, Dr. Zeinab Susi, Dr. Sidra saad, Mugdha chavan, Thrisan Sudharsan, Christopher Patteril, Dr. Lokeskumar, Dr. Anitha Panneerselvam, & Daheem Azhar. (2024). VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION (VNS) FOR EPILEPSY: COMPARING OUTCOMES WITH DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY TREATMENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3270-3290. https://doi.org/10.53555/5zpexa41
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Author Biographies
Dr. Abdulla Sharaf
Gulf medical university,
Dr. Sarah Almaged
Gulf medical university
Dr. Zeinab Susi
Gulf Medical university
Dr. Sidra saad
Gulf medical university,
Mugdha chavan
Universita Cattolica Rome
Thrisan Sudharsan
universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Christopher Patteril
Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Dr. Lokeskumar
Dalian Medical University
Dr. Anitha Panneerselvam
Dalian Medical University
Daheem Azhar
University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
How to Cite
Dr. Abdulla Sharaf, Dr. Sarah Almaged, Dr. Zeinab Susi, Dr. Sidra saad, Mugdha chavan, Thrisan Sudharsan, Christopher Patteril, Dr. Lokeskumar, Dr. Anitha Panneerselvam, & Daheem Azhar. (2024). VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION (VNS) FOR EPILEPSY: COMPARING OUTCOMES WITH DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY TREATMENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3270-3290. https://doi.org/10.53555/5zpexa41