DETERMINATION OF DISEASE SEVERITY AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS NAMELY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN TO ALBUMIN RATIO AND FIBRINOGEN TO ALBUMIN RATIO AMONG PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AT A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE FACILITY IN ETAWAH DISTRICT: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
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Keywords
Disease Severity, Inflammatory Biomarkers, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Fibrinogen Albumin Ratio (FAR), Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), C-Reactive Protein to albumin ratio (CAR)
Abstract
Background: To determine disease severity and inflammatory biomarkers namely C-Reactive Protein to Albumin ratio and Fibrinogen to Albumin ratio among patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia.
Material and Method: In this observational cross-sectional study the CURB-65 score was used to assess the severity of CAP at the time of admission, after which patients were divided into three groups based on their scores: the low-risk CAP group (scores 0-1), the moderate-risk CAP group (score 2), and the severe CAP group (scores 3-5), CAR and FAR scores were calculated and severity determined and compared with CURB 65.
Result: Total 152 patients were analyzed that nearly half (49.3%) were between 40 and 69 years old. The second-largest group was those aged 70 and above (21.7%), followed by patients aged 25-39 years (20.4%), and those under 25 years (8.6%). Males (66.4%) were more compared to females (33.6%). CURB-65 severity scores showed 48% of patients had a severity score of 1, 37.5% had a score of 2, and 8.6% had severe pneumonia with scores of 3-5. Higher CAR values were observed in severe cases (mean 77.4±57.6) compared to non-severe low-risk (28.4±25.2) and non-severe moderate-risk (46.4±26.4) groups. Similarly, FAR was significantly higher in severe cases (mean 246.3±130.8) compared to non-severe groups (174.1±75.5 and 204.2±87.7, respectively). Conclusion: Elevated biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.001), CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) (p<0.001), and Fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) (p=0.009) were significantly associated with severe CAP, highlighting their potential as indicators for disease severity and prognosis.
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Dr Adesh Kumar
M.D. (Respiratory Medicine), Professor and Head, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai, Etawah (U.P.)
Dr Ashish Kumar Gupta
M.D. (Respiratory Medicine), Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai, Etawah (U.P.)
Dr Aditya Kumar Gautam
M.D. (Respiratory Medicine), Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai, Etawah (U.P.)
Dr. Naresh Pal Singh
M.D. (Community Medicine), Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai, Etawah (U.P.)
Dr Prashant Yadav
M.D. (Respiratory Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai, Etawah (U.P.)
Dr. Dhiresh Chourasiya
Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai, Etawah (U.P.)
Dr Gauri Gupta
Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) Saifai, Etawah (U.P.)