CONCURRENT OUTBREAKS OF AEROMONAS SPECIES AND CHOLERA IN PERI-URBAN AREAS OF ISLAMABAD: A CASE CONTROL STUDY FROM MAY TO JULY 2022
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Keywords
Aeromonas, Outbreak, Case-control Study, Cholera, Pakistan
Abstract
Background: Cholera outbreaks have re-emerged with unusual trend in 2022 from most of the African and Asian countries.
Methods: A case control study was conducted from May to July 2022 in peri urban population of Islamabad by using purposive sampling technique. Case was defined as a resident belonging to any age group with 03 or more episodes of watery, non-bloody diarrhea (rice water stools) with or without severe dehydration or any person irrespective of symptoms with history of contact/dining with a suspected case or with laboratory confirmation of Cholera/Aeromonas while control was a resident belonging to any age group with no diarrheal illness. A standard questionnaire regarding acute watery diarrhea was designed according to the protocols of U.S. Centre for Disease Control. Data regarding sociodemographic details, clinical profile and relevant risk factors were collected, frequencies and percentages were computed and inferential statistical analysis was done in Epi info version 7.2.
Results: Total 07 cases identified through active case finding, and afterwards 35 controls were enrolled. Median age of cases was 07 years (IQR=13) with male to female ratio 2:1. Overall attack rate (AR) was 2%, most affected age-group was <05 years (AR=11%). Out of 42 stools samples 17% (n=07) were positive for Vibrio cholerae, while out of 42 water samples 33% (n=14) were positive for Aeronomas sp. and 5% (n=2) for Cholera sp. Contact with case (OR: 10.3, 95%CI: 1.7-64), and attending social gathering (OR: 8.3, 95%CI: 1.4-47) remained signification risk factors.
Conclusion: Contact transmission was the main driver for the current Cholera outbreak. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices is recommended for community.
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Dr. Seham Rashid
National Institute of Health
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National Institute of Health