CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF INSULIN GLARGINE & ASPART VERSUS NPH & REGULAR INSULIN RÉGIME IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS OF PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus, Clinical Safety, Efficacy, Insulin Glargine and ASPART, NPH & Regular Insulin
Abstract
The present comparative analysis to evaluates the clinical safety and efficacy of insulin glargine & ASPART versus NPH & regular insulin régime in type 1 diabetic patients of Pakistan. The present comparative study conducted at across multiple tertiary care hospitals in different regions of Pakistan. This study was employing a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group design to ensure a robust and comprehensive evaluation of the clinical safety and efficacy. A six-month study period was allowed for sufficient follow-up time. The study was employing a non-probability consecutive sampling technique for participant recruiting two groups, Group A (n=100) Insulin Glargine/Aspart Regimen and Group B: (n=100) NPH/Regular Insulin Regimen. Continuous variables, such as HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, and weight measurements, was be summarized using descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations. There is no significant difference regarding glycemic control and lipid profile between two groups Insulin Glargine/Aspart and NPH/Regular Insulin. Baseline characteristics were similar across both groups, ensuring comparability. Significant improvements in glycemic control were observed in the Insulin Glargine/Aspart group, with HbA1c levels at 7.5 ± 1.1% compared to 8.2 ± 1.4% in the NPH/Regular Insulin group (p>0.05). FBS and PBS levels were also lower in the Insulin Glargine/Aspart group (p>0.05 and P p>0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference in daily insulin dosage (p<0.05). The Insulin Glargine/Aspart group experienced fewer side effects, particularly in terms of fatigue (p>0.05) and hypoglycemic episodes. The Insulin Glargine/Aspart regimen demonstrates superior clinical efficacy and a better safety profile compared to the NPH/Regular Insulin regimen in Type 1 diabetic patients in Pakistan. These findings support the preferential use of Insulin Glargine/Aspart for enhanced glycemic control and reduced adverse effects. The comparative analysis of Insulin Glargine/Aspart versus NPH/Regular Insulin regimens reveals that Insulin Glargine/Aspart provides significantly better glycemic control and fewer adverse effects in Type 1 diabetic patients in Pakistan. These results advocate for the adoption of Insulin Glargine/Aspart to improve treatment outcomes and patient safety in this population.
References
2. Adnan, M., & Aasim, M. (2024). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 24(1), 108.
3. Azeem, S., Khan, U., & Liaquat, A. (2022). The increasing rate of diabetes in Pakistan: A silent killer. Annals of medicine and surgery, 79.
4. Biskupiak, J. E., Ramos, M., Levy, C. J., Forlenza, G., Hopley, C., Boyd, J., Swift, D., Lamotte, M., & Brixner, D. I. (2023). Cost-effectiveness of the tubeless automated insulin delivery system vs standard of care in the management of type 1 diabetes in the United States. Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 29(7), 807-817.
5. Caires de Souza, A. L., Acurcio, F. d. A., Guerra Júnior, A. A., & Rezende Macedo Do Nascimento, R. (2023). This version is available at https://strathprints. strath. ac. uk/50976.
6. Dickson, S., Gabriel, N., Gellad, W. F., & Hernandez, I. (2023). Estimated changes in insulin prices and discounts after entry of new insulin products, 2012-2019. JAMA Health Forum,
7. Dovc, K., Lanzinger, S., Cardona-Hernandez, R., Tauschmann, M., Marigliano, M., Cherubini, V., Preikša, R., Schierloh, U., Clapin, H., & AlJaser, F. (2023). Association of achieving time in range clinical targets with treatment modality among youths with type 1 diabetes. JAMA Network Open, 6(2), e230077-e230077.
8. Gerber, A., & Quinn, R. (2024). Insulin Glargine Associated Nausea in a Patient Seen by a Collaborative Drug Therapy Management Pharmacist in an Urban Community Hospital: A Case Report. Hospital Pharmacy, 59(1), 15-18.
9. Kazda, C. M., Bue-Valleskey, J. M., Chien, J., Zhang, Q., Chigutsa, E., Landschulz, W., Wullenweber, P., Haupt, A., & Dahl, D. (2023). Novel once-weekly basal insulin fc achieved similar glycemic control with a safety profile comparable to insulin degludec in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 46(5), 1052-1059.
10. Lee, T. T., Collett, C., Bergford, S., Hartnell, S., Scott, E. M., Lindsay, R. S., Hunt, K. F., McCance, D. R., Barnard-Kelly, K., & Rankin, D. (2023). Automated insulin delivery in women with pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 389(17), 1566-1578.
11. Long, T., Lin, J.-t., Lin, M.-h., Wu, Q.-l., Lai, J.-m., Li, S.-z., Zhou, Z.-c., Zeng, J.-y., Huang, J.-s., & Zeng, C.-p. (2022). Comparative efficiency and safety of insulin degludec/aspart with insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine Journal, 69(8), 959-969.
12. Matli, M. C., Wilson, A. B., Rappsilber, L. M., Sheffield, F. P., Farlow, M. L., & Johnson, J. L. (2023). The first interchangeable biosimilar insulin: insulin glargine-yfgn. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 17(2), 490-494.
13. Shao, H., Shi, L., Fonseca, V., Alsaleh, A. J. O., Gill, J., & Nicholls, C. (2023). Cost‐effectiveness analysis of once‐daily insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus insulin degludec 100 U/mL using the BRAVO diabetes model. Diabetic medicine, 40(9), e15112.
14. Shao, H., Shi, L., Fonseca, V., Alsaleh, A. J. O., Gill, J., & Nicholls, C. (2024). An exploratory analysis of the cost‐effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 units/mL versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL over a lifetime horizon using the BRAVO diabetes model. Diabetic medicine, 41(5), e15303.
15. Syed, F. Z. (2022). Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Annals of internal medicine, 175(3), ITC33-ITC48.
16. Tatovic, D., Narendran, P., & Dayan, C. M. (2023). A perspective on treating type 1 diabetes mellitus before insulin is needed. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 19(6), 361-370.
17. Zarei, L., Peymani, P., Moradi, N., Kheirandish, M., Mirjalili, M., & Zare, M. (2022). Affordability of medication therapy in diabetic patients: a scenario-based assessment in Iran’s health system context. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(4), 443.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Zahid Shehzad Siddiqui
Department of Pharmacology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur
Saba Majeed
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi-Pakistan
Shagufta Sikander
Department of Pharmacology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur
Tauseef Ahmed
Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ziauddin University Hospital
Sadia Kashif
Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi-Pakistan
Aisha Aziz
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi
Syed Ali Jasim Rizvi
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi
Hiba Kanwal Majeed
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi.