MALE INFERTILITY- ROLE OF GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS- A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Azoospermia factor, AZF mutation, cytogenetic, male infertility, Y chromosome microdeletion, SRY gene mutation
Abstract
Male infertility is a complex condition with a strong genetic and epigenetic background. This review discusses the importance of genetic and epigenetic factors in the pathophysiology of male infertility. The interplay between thousands of genes, the epigenetic control of gene expression, and environmental and lifestyle factors, which influence genetic and epigenetic variants, determines the resulting male infertility phenotype. Currently, Y-chromosome microdeletion screening, AZF gene mutation tests, SRY gene mutation tests and AR (Androgen receptor) gene mutation tests along with their procedures are reviewed and demonstrated genetic etiological correlation in the pathogenies of azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia the root cause of Male Infertility. The rate of infertility in less industrialized nations is markedly higher than in infectious diseases and is responsible for a greater proportion of infertility. According to the latest data, globally, 15 % of couples have Infertility problems of which alone 40% account for male infertility and out of about 40% causes are idiopathic. Male infertility contributes to 10 % of all cases and is caused due to genetic factors. Regardless of whether it is primary or secondary infertility, the affected couples suffer from enormous emotional and psychological trauma and it can constitute a major life crisis in a social context. Infertility can be caused due to certain biological changes in gonads and the reproductive system like azoospermia, oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratozoospermia, and hypospermatogenesis. Genetic causes of azoospermia include Y-chromosome microdeletions, and deletion or other mutations of Y-linked genes. Many Y-linked genes regulate spermatogenesis. The maximum number of the genesis is located in the AZF region of the long arm of the Y chromosome. Y chromosome microdeletion is known as the second major genetic cause of spermatogenetic failure. This article aims to Systematic review the latest updates on the involvement of Y-chromosome microdeletion, AZF gene mutation, SRY gene mutation and AR (androgen receptor) gene mutation in the etiopathogenesis of male infertility for outcomes for our patients following Prisma guidelines.
References
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Anurag Pandey, Mamta Tiwari, Arun Kumar Dwivedi, Ashutosh Pathak, Ajeet Kumar Yadav, & P S Byadgi. (2022). MALE INFERTILITY- ROLE OF GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS- A NARRATIVE REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(03), 1877-1890. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i03.7356
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Author Biographies
Anurag Pandey
Assistant Professor, Department of Vikriti Vigyan, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Mamta Tiwari
Assistant Professor, Department of Swasthvritta and Yoga, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.Arun Kumar Dwivedi
Assistant Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Ashutosh Pathak
Assistant Professor, Department of Rachana Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
Ajeet Kumar Yadav
ResearchScholar, Department of Vikriti Vigyan, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
P S Byadgi
Professor, Department of Vikriti Vigyan, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
How to Cite
Anurag Pandey, Mamta Tiwari, Arun Kumar Dwivedi, Ashutosh Pathak, Ajeet Kumar Yadav, & P S Byadgi. (2022). MALE INFERTILITY- ROLE OF GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS- A NARRATIVE REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(03), 1877-1890. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i03.7356