EVALUATING VITAMIN-D INSUFFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
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Keywords
Tuberculosis, Vitamin-D, Multi drug resistant TB, Drug-sensitive TB
Abstract
Objective: To ascertain the incidence and affiliation between deficient Vitamin-D levels and patients with Tuberculosis.
Methodology: This case-control study, conducted at Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Pakistan in the duration from May, 2023 to April, 2024, aimed to evaluate 25-Hydroxy Vitamin-D levels in newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients. Involving 110 participants, Group A comprised 55 recently identified TB patients (18-65 years) confirmed by sputum Gene Xpert method, while Group B included 55 age-and-gender-matched controls. Exclusions applied to those with recent surgery, bone disease, or renal impairment. Demographic data (age, gender, BMI, smoking) were collected via a proforma. Venous blood samples measured Vitamin-D levels, with insufficiency defined as <25 ng/ml. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, employing t-tests and chi-square tests with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.
Results: In this case-control study, 55 newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients and 55 age-and-gender-matched controls were compared. The TB group had a significantly lower average BMI (22.1 kg/m²) than the control group (25.0 kg/m²). Vitamin D levels were markedly lower in TB patients (21.8 ± 5.0 ng/ml) compared to controls (30.9 ± 8.9 ng/ml), with 78.18% of TB patients being vitamin D deficient, versus 27.27% in the control group (p < 0.001). Among TB patients, 85.45% had drug-sensitive TB, with 85.11% of these being vitamin D deficient, while 14.55% had multidrug-resistant TB, with 62.5% exhibiting vitamin D deficiency. This study highlights a significant association between TB and lower vitamin D levels.
Conclusion: Our study discovered that many tuberculosis patients had low levels of vitamin D compared to healthy individuals, including those with drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant TB. This suggests that giving extra vitamin D might help prevent and treat tuberculosis, especially in countries like Pakistan where the disease is a significant health concern. More research is necessary to confirm how vitamin D supplements could benefit tuberculosis treatment.
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Hem Raj
University: Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Pakistan
Fnu Neha
Medical Officer, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan- PMDC: 753410-02-M
Aakash Kumar
University: Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Pakistan
Kinza Masroor Khanzada
House Officer, Medical Doctor, United Medical and Dental College, Pakistan
Karan Kumar Maheshwari
MBBS, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Deepmala Pinjani
Medical Graduate, Bahria Medical College Karachi Sindh, Pakistan