HALOPHYTIC PLANT EXTRACTS AS A PROMISING SOURCE OF ANTIEPILEPTIC AGENTS- A PRE-CLINICAL STUDY ON PTZ-INDUCED SEIZURES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Anticonvulsant activity, Bioactive compounds, Drug discovery, Natural products, Neurological effects, Phytochemicals
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used as potential sources for new drug compounds. Halophytes have been used traditionally to cure a range of diseases. This study explores the anticonvulsant activity of medicinal halophytes against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures in Albino Wistar Rats. The antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of medicinal halophytes were also determined. The ethanolic extracts (1000mg/kg body weight) of 12 medicinal halophytes were used. No mortality and signs of toxicity were evident in any of the halophytic extracts tested. A significant increase in latency (3-23 folds) as well as decrease in duration of myoclonic tonic clonic convulsions including flexion time (13-68%), extension time (3-55%), tonic clonic time (43-85%), stupor duration (30-59%) and frequency of convulsions (40-77%) were observed in halophyte treated group as compared to control. Halophytes showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (29.56% to 84.25%) with high contents of total polyphenols (19.54 to 57.19 mg GAE/g). Interestingly, halophytes with higher content and activity of antioxidant compounds showed maximum anticonvulsant effects, which were comparable to or even better than the positive control (Dizapam). This study reports the antiepileptic potential of antioxidant-rich halophytes and provides better insights towards the drug development. It also paves the road for complementary medical therapies against seizures and other similar neurological issues.
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3. Divya, B., Narayanan, J., Chitra, V., & Tamilanban, T. (2022). Evaluation of Anti-Convulsant Activity of Olivetol on Ptz Induced Seizure Model. NeuroQuantology, 20(17), 372: Wiley. doi : 10.14704/Nq.2022.20.17.Nq88051.
4. Hubert, R. J., & VanMeter, K. (2018). Gould's pathophysiology for the health professions. St Louis: Elsevier.
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7. Khan, M. A., & Qaiser, M. (2006). Halophytes of Pakistan: characteristics, distribution and potential economic usages. In Sabkha Ecosystems: Volume II: West and Central Asia (pp. 129-153). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
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9. Qasim, M., Abideen, Z., Adnan, M. Y., Ansari, R., Gul, B., & Khan, M. A. (2014). Traditional ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants from coastal areas. J. Coast Life Med., 2(1), 22-30. doi:10.12980/JCLM.2.2014C1177.
10. Qasim, M., Gulzar, S., & Khan, M. A. (2011). Halophytes as medicinal plants. In M. Ozturk, A. R. Mermut, & A. Celik (Eds.), Urbanisation, land use, land degradation and environment (pp. 330–343). Daya Publishing House, New Delhi.
11. Qasim, M., Aziz, I., Rasheed, M., Gul, B., & Khan, M. A. (2016). Effect of extraction solvents on polyphenols and antioxidant activity of medicinal halophytes. Pak. J. Bot., 48(2), 621-627.27. http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/48(2)/27.pdf.
12. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 28(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5.
13. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26(9-10), 1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3.
14. Benzie, I. F., & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem., 239(1), 70-76.doi: 10.1006/abio.1996.0292.
15. Prieto, P., Pineda, M. and Aguilar, M. (1999) Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a Phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal. Biochem., 269, 337-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4019182.
16. Singleton, V. and Rossi, J. (1965) Colorimetry of Total Phenolic Compounds with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents. Am. J. Enoland Viticult., 16, 144-158.
17. Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M., & Chern, J. C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal., 10(3). DOI:10.38212/2224-6614.2748 184.
18. Sun, B., Leandro, C., Ricardo da Silva, J. M., & Spranger, I. (1998). Separation of grape and wine proanthocyanidins according to their degree of polymerization. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46(4), 1390-1396. doi.org/10.1021/jf970753d
19. Pearson, D. (1976) Chemical Analysis of Foods. 7th Edition, Churchhill Livingstone, London. 185.
20. Uddin, M. J., & Zidorn, C. (2020). Traditional herbal medicines against CNS disorders from Bangladesh. Nat Prod Bioprospect, 10, 377-410. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00269-7
21. Löscher, W. (2011). Critical review of current animal models of seizures and epilepsy used in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs. Seizure, 20(5), 359-368. doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2011.01.003
22. Obici, S., Otobone, F. J., da Silva Sela, V. R., Ishida, K., da Silva, J. C., Nakamura, C. V., & Audi, E. A. (2008). Preliminary toxicity study of dichloromethane extract of Kielmeyera coriacea stems in mice and rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 115(1), 131-139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.013
23. Adedapo, A. D., Adedeji, W. A., Adedapo, I. A., & Adedapo, K. S. (2021). Cohort study on adverse drug reactions in adults admitted to the medical wards of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: Prevalence, incidence, risk factors and fatality. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 87(4), 1878-1889. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14577.
24. Doi, T., Ueda, Y., Nagatomo, K., & Willmore, L. J. (2009). Role of glutamate and GABA transporters in development of pentylenetetrazol-kindling. Neurochem. Res., 34, 1324-1331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-009-9912-0.
25. Garbhapu, A., Yalavarthi, P., & Koganti, P. (2011). Effect of ethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria on chemically-induced seizures and brain GABA levels in albino rats. Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 14(4), 318. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586835/.
26. Arshad, H. M., & Lodhi, A. H. (2022). Methanolic extract of Aerva Javanica leaves prevents LPS-induced depressive like behaviour in experimental mice. Drug Des Devel Ther, 16, 4179. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S383054
27. Kouhestani, S., Jafari, A., & Babaei, P. (2018). Kaempferol attenuates cognitive deficit via regulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in an ovariectomized rat model of sporadic dementia. Neural Regen Res, 13(10), 1827-1832. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.238714
28. Custódio, L., Ferreira, A. C., Pereira, H., Silvestre, L., Vizetto-Duarte, C., Barreira, L., ... & Varela, J. (2012). The marine halophytes Carpobrotus edulis L. and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum L. are potential sources of nutritionally important PUFAs and metabolites with antioxidant, metal chelating and anticholinesterase inhibitory activities. Botanica Marina, 55(3), 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2012-0098.
29. Zengin, G., Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Z., Mollica, A., Yilmaz, M. A., & Mahomoodally, M. F. (2018). In vitro and in silico perspectives on biological and phytochemical profile of three halophyte species—A source of innovative phytopharmaceuticals from nature. Phytomed., 38, 35-44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.017
30. Ríos, J. L., Schinella, G. R., & Moragrega, I. (2022). Phenolics as GABAA receptor ligands: An updated review. Molecules, 27(6), 1770. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061770
31. Moghbelinejad, S., Alizadeh, S., Mohammadi, G., Khodabandehloo, F., Rashvand, Z., Najafipour, R., & Nassiri-Asl, M. (2017). The effects of quercetin on the gene expression of the GABAA receptor α5 subunit gene in a mouse model of kainic acid-induced seizure. J. Physiol. Sci., 67(2), 339-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-016-0497-5.
32. Silva dos Santos, J., Goncalves Cirino, J. P., de Oliveira Carvalho, P., & Ortega, M. M. (2021). The pharmacological action of kaempferol in central nervous system diseases: a review. Front. Pharmacol., 11, 565700. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.565700.
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Jun 25, 2024
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Qurat Ul Ain, Muhammad Qasim, & Taseer Ahmed Khan. (2024). HALOPHYTIC PLANT EXTRACTS AS A PROMISING SOURCE OF ANTIEPILEPTIC AGENTS- A PRE-CLINICAL STUDY ON PTZ-INDUCED SEIZURES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(6), 2739-2750. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.7062
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Author Biographies
Qurat Ul Ain
Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Muhammad Qasim
Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Taseer Ahmed Khan
Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
How to Cite
Qurat Ul Ain, Muhammad Qasim, & Taseer Ahmed Khan. (2024). HALOPHYTIC PLANT EXTRACTS AS A PROMISING SOURCE OF ANTIEPILEPTIC AGENTS- A PRE-CLINICAL STUDY ON PTZ-INDUCED SEIZURES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(6), 2739-2750. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.7062