BIRTH ORDER AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Birth Order, Personality, Big Five Personality Traits
Abstract
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of birth order on the Big Five Personality Traits: namely, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extra-version Agreeableness and Neuroticism in early adolescents. The sample consisted of N=484 students belonging to different universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Age range of the sample was 19 to 24 years, (M = 20.09, SD = 2.03). Urdu version of the Big-Five Inventory (John & Srivastava,1999) was used to measure the personality traits of the participants. The hypotheses assumed that adolescents of different birth order (oldest, middle & youngsters) will score differently on the Big Five Personality Inventory. Results showed no-significant difference among participants of different ordinal position in terms of personality characteristic. Findings conclude that birth order has no significant effect on the big five personality traits of the participants. The findings have important implication in overcoming feeling of inferiority in adolescents if they have. As earlier research revealed presence of some desirable traits such as conscientiousness, and achievement orientation among older and undesirable traits such as neuroticism in middle born and rebelliousness and lower need of uniqueness in youngsters.
References
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16. Healey, M. D. & Ellis, B. J. (2007). Birth order, conscientiousness, and openness to experience Tests of the family-niche model of personality using a within-family methodology. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 55-59. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.003.
17. John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research 2, 102–138. New York: Guilford Press.
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21. Lorenz, K. (2016). Oldest, Middle, Youngest: Who's Most Successful. https://www.aol.com/article/2009/01/26/oldest-middle-youngest.
22. Marini, V. A., & Kurtz, J. E. (2011). Birth order differences in normal personality traits: Perspectives from within and outside the family. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 910-914
23. Michalski, R. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2002). Birth order and sexual strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 661-667.
24. Parker, W. D. (1998). Birth order effects in the academically talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42, 29-
25. Paulhus, D. (2008). Birth order. Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development. Academic Press, 204-211. https:/ doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3578.3687.
26. Paulhus, D. L., Trapnell, P. D., & Chen, D. (1999). Birth order effects on personality and achievement within families. Psychological Science, 10, 482-488.
27. Peres (2022). Birth order. https://www. Academia. Edu. Parker, W. D. (1998). Birth order effects in the academically talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42, 29-38.
28. Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., Knopik, V. S., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2013). Behavioral Genetics. New York: Worth Publishers.
29. Rechek, B & Kelly, J.A. (2014). Birth order and personality: a within-family test using independent self-reports from both first-born and last-born siblings. Personality and individual differences, 56, 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.011.
30. Rechek,B. A., & Kelley, J. A. (2014). Birth order and personality: A within-family test using independent self-reports from both firstborn and laterborn siblings. Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 5-18.
31. Rohrer, J.M., Egloff, B. & Schmuckle, S.C. (2015). Examining the effects of birth order on personality. Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, 112 (46), 14224 14229. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506451112.
32. Saroglou, V., & Fiasse, L. (2003). Birth order, personality, and religion: A study among young adults from a three-sibling family. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 19-29.
33. Srivastava, S. (2008). Measuring the Big Five Personality Factors http://psdlab.uoregon.edu/bigfive.html.
34. Sulloway, F. J. (1995). Birth order and evolutionary psychology: A meta-analytic overview. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 75-80.
35. Sulloway, F. S. (2001). Birth order, sibling competition, and human behavior. In H. R. Holcomb (Ed), Conceptual challenges in evolutionary psychology: Innovative research strategies (pp. 39- 83). Dordrecht (The Netherlands): Kluwer Academic Publishing.
36. Sulloway, F. J. (2010). Why siblings are like Darwin’s finches: Birth order, sibling competition and adaptive divergence within the family. In D. M. Buss, P. H. Hawley (Eds.), The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 87-119), Oxford, Oxford University Press.
37. Sulloway, F.J. (1996). Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives. New York: Pantheon.
38. Sultan, H., & Malik, S. (2020). Birth order predicts personality characteristics in young adults. Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology, 18 (92), 10-10. https://gcu.edu.pk.
39. Voo. J. (2022, August 6). How Birth Order May Influence Your Kid's Personality Traits. Parents. Com. https://www.parents.com/baby/development/social/birth-order-and-personality.
40. Wang, W., Du, W., Liu, P., Liu, J., & Wang, Y. (2002). Five-factor personality measures in Chinese university students: Effects of one-child policy? Psychiatry Research, 109, 37-44.
41. Wang, W., Du, W., Liu, P., Liu, J., & Wang, Y. (2002). Five-factor personality measures in Chinese university students: Effects of one-child policy? Psychiatry Research, 109, 37-44.
42. Maria Shoab Conceived the idea, and help in data collection
43. Sharifullah Jan, help in draftiness, and checking
44. Salma Andleeb, make guidance in statistical analyses of the data
45. All the authors equally contributed in the process of the current article.
46. Department of Psychology Islamia College Peshawar
2. Al – Khayyat, M.M., AL- Adwan, F.E.A. (2016). The Effect of Birth Order on Personality Traits and Academic: Performance at Sample of Families in Jordan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 52 (2), pp.151-161. http://www.europeanjournalofsocialsciences.com.
3. Birt, J. (2022, February 23). What Are Personality Traits? (With Examples). indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/personal-traits.
4. Botzet, L.J., Rohrer, M.J., & Arslan, R.C. (2021). Analysing effects of birth order on intelligence, educational attainment, big five and risk aversion in an Indonesian sample. European Journal of Personality, 35(2), 234-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2285.
5. Brandt, N. D., Drewelies, J., Willis, S.L., Schaie, K. W., Ram, N., Gerstorf, D., & Wagner, J. (2022). Acting Like a Baby Boomer? Birth-Cohort Differences in Adults’ Personality Trajectories During the Last Half a Century. Association for psychological sciences, 33(3), 382-396. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976211037971.
6. Breenan (2021, March 22). What to know about Birth order? WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/parenting/what-to-know-about-birth-order.
7. Chauhan, A. & Joshi, A. (2021). Effect of individual’s birth order on dimensions of personality. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 10(8:3). https://ijmer.in.doi.org/2021/10.08.46.
8. Damian, R. I., & Roberts, B. W. (2015). The associations of birth order with personality and intelligence in a representative sample of U.S. high school students. Journal of Research in Personality, 58, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2015.05.005.
9. Damian, R. I., & Roberts, B. W. (2017, May). The associations of birth order with personality and intelligence in a representative sample of U.S. high school students. Science direct. com http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656615000525.
10. Dean, M. E. (2022, October 6). Birth Order Theory: Insights into Your Personality. Better help. Com. https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/family/birth-order-theory-insights-into-your-personality.
11. Debase, A. (2022). How birth order effects your child. Academia. Edu.com. https://www.academia.edu.pk.
12. Diener, E., Lucas, R. E. & CUMMINGS, A. J. (2019). 6.1 Personality Traits, Noba textbook series: Psychology. https://openpress.usask.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/personality-traits.
13. Ejekwu, P. W.(2017). Birth order, its influence on academic performance of firstborn, middleborn and lastborn girl child in primary schools. https://www.academia.edu.com.
14. Franciskovich, S. J., and McAndrew, F. T. (2006, June 7). Birth Order, Personality and Mate preferences. https://www.Academia.Com.pk.
15. Ha, T & Tam, C. (2011). A Study of Birth Order, Academic Performance, and Personality. International Conference on Social Science and Humanity, IPEDR, 5. Singapore.
16. Healey, M. D. & Ellis, B. J. (2007). Birth order, conscientiousness, and openness to experience Tests of the family-niche model of personality using a within-family methodology. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 55-59. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.003.
17. John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research 2, 102–138. New York: Guilford Press.
18. Keat, O. B., Mardina, P., & Mazlin, A. B. (2019). The relationship between birth order and personality. Journal of Management and Science, 17 (2). https://www.researchgate.net.
19. Leeman, K. (2015). The Birth Order Book: Why You Are the Way You Are. Revell; Repackaged edition.
20. Leman, K. (2009). The Birth Order Book; why you are the way you are. Grand Rapids, MI Revell.
21. Lorenz, K. (2016). Oldest, Middle, Youngest: Who's Most Successful. https://www.aol.com/article/2009/01/26/oldest-middle-youngest.
22. Marini, V. A., & Kurtz, J. E. (2011). Birth order differences in normal personality traits: Perspectives from within and outside the family. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 910-914
23. Michalski, R. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2002). Birth order and sexual strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 661-667.
24. Parker, W. D. (1998). Birth order effects in the academically talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42, 29-
25. Paulhus, D. (2008). Birth order. Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development. Academic Press, 204-211. https:/ doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3578.3687.
26. Paulhus, D. L., Trapnell, P. D., & Chen, D. (1999). Birth order effects on personality and achievement within families. Psychological Science, 10, 482-488.
27. Peres (2022). Birth order. https://www. Academia. Edu. Parker, W. D. (1998). Birth order effects in the academically talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42, 29-38.
28. Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., Knopik, V. S., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2013). Behavioral Genetics. New York: Worth Publishers.
29. Rechek, B & Kelly, J.A. (2014). Birth order and personality: a within-family test using independent self-reports from both first-born and last-born siblings. Personality and individual differences, 56, 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.011.
30. Rechek,B. A., & Kelley, J. A. (2014). Birth order and personality: A within-family test using independent self-reports from both firstborn and laterborn siblings. Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 5-18.
31. Rohrer, J.M., Egloff, B. & Schmuckle, S.C. (2015). Examining the effects of birth order on personality. Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, 112 (46), 14224 14229. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506451112.
32. Saroglou, V., & Fiasse, L. (2003). Birth order, personality, and religion: A study among young adults from a three-sibling family. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 19-29.
33. Srivastava, S. (2008). Measuring the Big Five Personality Factors http://psdlab.uoregon.edu/bigfive.html.
34. Sulloway, F. J. (1995). Birth order and evolutionary psychology: A meta-analytic overview. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 75-80.
35. Sulloway, F. S. (2001). Birth order, sibling competition, and human behavior. In H. R. Holcomb (Ed), Conceptual challenges in evolutionary psychology: Innovative research strategies (pp. 39- 83). Dordrecht (The Netherlands): Kluwer Academic Publishing.
36. Sulloway, F. J. (2010). Why siblings are like Darwin’s finches: Birth order, sibling competition and adaptive divergence within the family. In D. M. Buss, P. H. Hawley (Eds.), The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 87-119), Oxford, Oxford University Press.
37. Sulloway, F.J. (1996). Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives. New York: Pantheon.
38. Sultan, H., & Malik, S. (2020). Birth order predicts personality characteristics in young adults. Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology, 18 (92), 10-10. https://gcu.edu.pk.
39. Voo. J. (2022, August 6). How Birth Order May Influence Your Kid's Personality Traits. Parents. Com. https://www.parents.com/baby/development/social/birth-order-and-personality.
40. Wang, W., Du, W., Liu, P., Liu, J., & Wang, Y. (2002). Five-factor personality measures in Chinese university students: Effects of one-child policy? Psychiatry Research, 109, 37-44.
41. Wang, W., Du, W., Liu, P., Liu, J., & Wang, Y. (2002). Five-factor personality measures in Chinese university students: Effects of one-child policy? Psychiatry Research, 109, 37-44.
42. Maria Shoab Conceived the idea, and help in data collection
43. Sharifullah Jan, help in draftiness, and checking
44. Salma Andleeb, make guidance in statistical analyses of the data
45. All the authors equally contributed in the process of the current article.
46. Department of Psychology Islamia College Peshawar
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May 31, 2024
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Maria Shoaib, Sharifullah Jan, & Salma Andleeb. (2024). BIRTH ORDER AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(6), 1839-1847. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.6473
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Author Biographies
Maria Shoaib
Department of Psychology Islamia College Peshawar
Sharifullah Jan
Department of Psychology Islamia College Peshawar
Salma Andleeb
Department of Psychology Islamia College Peshawar
How to Cite
Maria Shoaib, Sharifullah Jan, & Salma Andleeb. (2024). BIRTH ORDER AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(6), 1839-1847. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.6473