CORRELATION OF READINESS TO CHANGE, INTENTION TO QUIT AND SEVERITY OF DEPENDENCE OF TOBACCO USE AMONG THE RELATIVES OF THE PATIENTS VISITING PSYCHIATRY OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
.
Abstract
Introduction- The WHO estimates that the tobacco epidemic is one of the greatest risks to global public health, killing more than 8 million people per year, including over 1.2 million fatalities from exposure to second-hand smoke. Therefore, the present study attempted to understand the pattern of tobacco use, nicotine dependence, and readiness to change behaviour among tobacco users attending a psychiatric outpatient Department.
Methods & Materials- Cross-Sectional Study was conducted among the relatives of the patient attending Psychiatry OPD, which belongs to the Tertiary care Hospital, Pune. This study purposively (Non-Probability Random sampling) recruited 100 people currently using tobacco in any form in the study. Data were collected by a face-to-face interview method using the pretested, Semi-structured questionnaire having questions pertaining to sociodemographic details, nicotine dependance, Readiness to change behavior, intention to quit.
Results- The total number of subjects was 100 in the study. Most patients were males (82%) and the mean age was 33.6 (±9.13) years. 14% of the participants were identified as having significant dependence. The intention to quit was higher among individuals aged 31-45 years (50%), males (88%), those with less than secondary education (61%), married individuals (75%), students and those with other occupations (59%), Hindus (79%), and those belonging to the middle socioeconomic class (54%).
Conclusion- Significant Nicotine dependence levels was low, and a substantial majority expressed a strong intention to quit smoking. These results emphasize the importance of tailored interventions, especially for specific age and education groups. Furthermore, our study suggests that demographic factors may not be strongly associated with nicotine dependence
References
2. Bharati B, Sahu KS, Pati S. Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in India and its association with various occupations: A LASI study. Front Public Heal. 2023 Feb 27;11:1005103.
3. Rai B, Bramhankar M. Tobacco use among Indian states: Key findings from the latest demographic health survey 2019–2020. Tob Prev Cessat [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Aug 3];7:1–2. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7942198/
4. Round S. TOBACCO SURVEY INDIA 2016-2017 | RepoRt.
5. Foulds J, Gandhi KK, Steinberg MB, Richardson DL, Williams JM, Burke M V., et al. Factors associated with quitting smoking at a tobacco dependence treatment clinic. Am J Health Behav [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2023 Aug 4];30(4):400–12. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16787130/
6. Joshi U, Modi B, Yadav S. A study on prevalence of chewing form of tobacco and existing quitting patterns in urban population of jamnagar, gujarat. Indian J Community Med [Internet]. 2010 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Aug 4];35(1):105–8. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20606932/
7. Borland R, Partos TR, Yong HH, Cummings KM, Hyland A. How much unsuccessful quitting activity is going on among adult smokers? Data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country cohort survey. Addiction [Internet]. 2012 Mar [cited 2023 Aug 4];107(3):673–82. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21992709/
8. Bhad R. Utilization of “Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment” Approach for Tobacco Addiction in Day-to-Day Clinical Practice in India: The Need of the Hour. J Neurosci Rural Pract [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Aug 4];10(1):8. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6337983/
9. Kumar R, Haokip HR, Beniwal K, Bahurupi Y. Nicotine Dependence, Readiness to Change Behavior among Tobacco Users Attending Tertiary Care Hospital’s De-Addiction Clinic in Uttarakhand. Indian J Psychiatr Nurs [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Aug 4];17(2):84. Available from: https://www.ijpn.in/article.asp?issn=2231-1505;year=2020;volume=17;issue=2; spage= 84;epage=90;aulast=Kumar
10. Whittaker R, Mcrobbie H, Bullen C, Rodgers A, Gu Y. Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2016 Apr 10 [cited 2023 Aug 4];4(4). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27060875/
11. Bricker JB, Mull KE, McClure JB, Watson NL, Heffner JL. Improving quit rates of web-delivered interventions for smoking cessation: full-scale randomized trial of WebQuit.org versus Smokefree.gov. Addiction [Internet]. 2018 May 1 [cited 2023 Aug 4];113(5):914–23. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29235186/
12. HEATHERTON TF, KOZLOWSKI LT, FRECKER RC, FAGERSTROM K ‐O. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict [Internet]. 1991 [cited 2023 Jul 26];86(9):1119–27. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1932883/
13. ROLLNICK S, HEATHER N, GOLD R, HALL W. Development of a short “readiness to change” questionnaire for use in brief, opportunistic interventions among excessive drinkers. Br J Addict [Internet]. 1992 [cited 2023 Jul 31];87(5):743–54. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1591525/
14. Ud Din N. “Socio-Demographic & Clinical Profile of Patients with Substance Use Disorders Seeking Treatment. A Hospital Based Study.” Res Med Eng Sci. 2019 May 15;7(5).
15. Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Treatment-seeking Drug Abusers Attending a Hospital in South Kashmir: A Cross-sectional Hospital-based Study. [cited 2023 Aug 20]; Available from: www.jcdr.net
16. Parashar M, Singh M, Agarwalla R, Panda M, Pathak R. Predictors of intention to quit tobacco among construction site workers in Delhi, India. Indian J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1 [cited 2023 Aug 20];59(2):208. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5547863/
17. Aryal UR, Bhatta DN, Shrestha N, Gautam A. Assessment of nicotine dependence among smokers in Nepal: a community based cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis [Internet]. 2015 Aug 26 [cited 2023 Aug 21];13(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26309428/
18. Subedi K, Shrestha A, Bhagat T. Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users visiting outreach programs in Dharan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2023 Aug 21];21(1):1–11. Available from:
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-11535-9
19. Akram S, A GN, Nirgude AS, Shetty S. A STUDY ON TOBACCO USE AND NICOTINE DEPENDENCE AMONG PLYWOOD INDUSTRY WORKERS IN MANGALORE CITY “A Study on Tobacco use and Nicotine Depen-dence among Plywood Industry Workers in Mangalore City.” J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2015;4:33.
20. Tidey JW, Rohsenow DJ, Kaplan GB, Swift RM, Adolfo A. Effects of Smoking Abstinence, Smoking Cues and Nicotine Replacement in Smokers with Schizophrenia and Controls. Nicotine Tob Res [Internet]. 2008 Jun [cited 2023 Aug 21];10(6):1047. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC2952171/
21. Silveira Balbani AP, Montovani JC. Methods for smoking cessation and treatment of nicotine dependence. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol [Internet]. 2005 Nov [cited 2023 Aug 21];71(6):820–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16878254/
22. Woodruff SI, Talavera GA, Elder JP. Evaluation of a culturally appropriate smoking cessation intervention for Latinos. Tob Control [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2023 Aug 21];11(4):361–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12432162/
23. Jayakrishnan R, Mathew A, Lekshmi K, Sebastian P, Finne P, Uutela A. Assessment of nicotine dependence among smokers in a selected rural population in Kerala, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2023 Aug 21];13(6):2663–7. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22938438/
24. Daoud N, Hayek S, Sheikh Muhammad A, Abu-Saad K, Osman A, Thrasher JF, et al. Stages of change of the readiness to quit smoking among a random sample of minority Arab -male smokers in Israel. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2015 Dec 12 [cited 2023 Aug 23];15(1):1–13. Available from: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-1950-8
25. Layoun N, Hallit S, Waked M, Bacha ZA, Godin I, Dramaix M, et al. Predictors of Readiness to Quit Stages and Intention to Quit Cigarette Smoking in 2 and 6 Months in Lebanon. J Res Health Sci [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Aug 23];17(2):379. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7189911/
26. Xie S, Minami H, Selva Kumar D, Hecht J, Litvin Bloom E, Kahler CW, et al. Readiness to Quit Smoking among Smokers in Substance Use Treatment: Associations with Stress, Substance Use Severity, Relapse Concerns and Gender. J Subst Use [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Aug 23];26(6):669. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8659404/
27. Panda R, Persai D. Cessation attempts in dual users (smoking plus smokeless): findings from two states in India. Tob Induc Dis [Internet]. 2018 Mar 1 [cited 2023 Aug 23];16(1). Available from: http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Cessation-attempts-in-dual-users-smoking-plus-smokeless-findings-from-two-states,84349,0,2.html
28. Hoang LT, Hanh TTT, Khue LN, Hai PT, Can P V, Long KQ, et al. Intention to Quit and Predictive Factors Among Current Smokers in Vietnam: Findings From Adult Tobacco Survey 2020. https://doi.org/101177/1179173X221098460 [Internet]. 2022 Apr 29 [cited 2023 Aug 23];15:1179173X2210984. Available from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1179173X221098460
29. Bhatt G, Goel S, Soundappan K, Kaur R. Theoretical constructs of smoking cessation among current tobacco smokers in India: a secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (2016-2017). [cited 2023 Aug 23]; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050916
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Shoeb Khan
Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, PCMC’s PGI YCMH, Pimpri
Gaurav Wadgaonkar
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, PCMC’s PGI YCMH, Pimpri
Arvind Karad
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, GMC Latur
Manjeet Santre
Professor & HOD, Department of Psychiatry, PCMC’s PGI YCMH Pimpri, Maharasthra