SCREENING FOR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Main Article Content
Keywords
diabetes, complications, screening, primary care setting.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes, a chronic condition characterized by high levels of blood sugar, is widely recognized as a predominant factor contributing to end-stage renal disease, visual impairment, and nontraumatic lower-limb amputations. it has been identified as a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with statistics indicating that it ranks as the 7th leading cause of death exclusively in the United States. The financial impact of diabetes in the US was staggering in 2012, surpassing a staggering two hundred billion dollars. A considerable portion of the disability and financial burden associated with diabetes can be directly attributed to the management of its chronic complications, which often require extensive and costly medical interventions. The multifaceted nature of diabetes underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies aimed at prevention, early detection, and effective management of this complex condition to alleviate its far-reaching health and economic consequences.
References
2. Collaboration ERF: Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. The lancet. 2010, 375:2215-2222.
3. Anand DV, Lim E, Lahiri A, Bax JJ: The role of non-invasive imaging in the risk stratification of asymptomatic diabetic subjects. European heart journal. 2006, 27:905-912.
4. Buse JB, Ginsberg HN, Bakris GL, et al.: Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people with diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Circulation. 2007, 115:114-126.
5. Control D, Interventions CTEoD, Group CSR: Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005, 353:2643-2653.
6. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HAW: 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. New England journal of medicine. 2008, 359:1577-1589.
7. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al.: The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. Jama. 2003, 289:2560-2571.
8. Group UPDS: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. Bmj. 1998, 317:703-713.
9. Knopp RH, d’Emden M, Smilde JG, Pocock SJ, Group AS: Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular end points in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ASPEN). Diabetes care. 2006, 29:1478-1485.
10. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Archives of ophthalmology. 1984, 102:527-532.
11. David A, Klein R, Gardner T: Mechanisms of disease diabetic retinopathy. N Engl Med J. 2012, 366:1227-1239.
12. Javitt JC, Aiello LP, Chiang Y, Ferris III FL, Canner JK, Greenfield S: Preventive eye care in people with diabetes is cost-saving to the federal government: implications for health-care reform. Diabetes care. 1994, 17:909-917.
13. Bragge P, Gruen RL, Chau M, Forbes A, Taylor HR: Screening for presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2011, 129:435-444.
14. Boulton AJ, Vinik AI, Arezzo JC, et al.: Diabetic neuropathies: a statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care. 2005, 28:956-962.
15. Genuth S: Insights from the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study on the use of intensive glycemic treatment to reduce the risk of complications of type 1 diabetes. Endocrine Practice. 2006, 12:34-41.
16. Athans W, Stephens H: Open calcaneal fractures in diabetic patients with neuropathy: a report of three cases and literature review. Foot & ankle international. 2008, 29:1049-1053.
17. Yamakawa I, Kojima H, Terashima T, et al.: Inactivation of TNF-α ameliorates diabetic neuropathy in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011, 301:E844-E852.
18. Wu A, Kong N, De Leon F, et al.: An alarmingly high prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in Asian type 2 diabetic patients: the MicroAlbuminuria Prevalence (MAP) Study. Diabetologia. 2005, 48:17-26.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Fatmah Yassen Alattas
King Fahad Hospital - Medina – Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Yaseen Alattas
King Salman Medical City – Medina – Saudi Arabia
Aeshah Mohammed Sultan
Prince Mohd. Bin Nasser Hospital. – Jazan – Saudi Arabia
Amal Mohammed Junadi
Maternity And Children Hospital-Arar – Saudi Arabia
Rasha Saleh Alhawass
Safwa Primary Health Care – Safwa – Saudi Arabia
Fatimah Salman Ghazwani
Al Amal & Psychiatric Health Hospital – Jazan – Saudi Arabia
Alhanouf Hassan Ahmad Sheddwi
King Fahd Central Hospital – Jazan – Saudi Arabia
Fatima Mofarh A Albarrati
King Fahd Central Hospital – Jazan – Saudi Arabia
Khalid Mohammed Almulhim
Alomran General Hospital – Alahsa – Saudi Arabia
Fatimah Ali A Haddadi
Samtah General Hospital – Jazan – Saudi Arabia
Zahir Ahmad Alamir
Environmental Health Departmet Public Health Admin – Jazan – Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Mohsen Hussain Alezzudin
Abu Arish General Hospital - Jazan– Saudi Arabia
Hana Saeed Abdulghader Faqih
Muhayel General Hospital – Assir - – Saudi Arabia
Ayman Saud Abdullah Abbas
Abu Arish General Hospital - Jazan– Saudi Arabia