THE RISK OF TRANSMISSION BETWEEN HOSPITAL STAFF DUE TO CENTRAL ADAPTATION BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
rosol-Generating Procedures, Acute Respiratory Infections, HealthCare Workers, Personal.
Abstract
Introduction: The transmission of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) to healthcare workers (HCWs) during aerosolgenerating procedures (AGPs) poses a significant risk, necessitating effective infection control measures. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness Of various interventions designed to mitigate the risk of ARI transmission to HCWs during AGPs.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for interventional studies and clinical trials published in the last five years up to 2022. Studies were included if they assessed the risk of ARI transmission to HCWs during AGPs and evaluated the effectiveness of preventive measures. The primary outcomes included the incidence of ARI transmission, with adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and confidence intervals (CIS) used to quantify the effectiveness of interventions.
Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a range of interventions including enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE), procedural modifications, engineering controls, and educational programs. Notably, the use of fitted N95 respirators significantly reduced ARI transmission risk compared to surgical masks (aRR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.54). Implementing portable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in AGP areas was associated with a lower incidence Of ARI transmission (aRR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.92). Educational interventions, although varied in design, consistently demonstrated a positive impact on reducing transmission risks.
Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a range of interventions including enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE), procedural modifications, engineering controls, and educational programs. Notably, the use of fitted N95 respirators significantly reduced ARI transmission risk compared to surgical masks (aRR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.54). Implementing portable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in AGP areas was associated with a lower incidence Of ARI transmission (aRR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.92). Educational interventions, although varied in design, consistently demonstrated a positive impact on reducing transmission risks.
Conclusions: This review highlights the effectiveness of a multifaceted approach to preventing ARI transmission to HCWs during AGPs. Enhanced PPE, specifically fitted N95 respirators, combined with engineering controls such as HEPA filters, and comprehensive educational programs, significantly reduce the risk Of ARI transmission. These findings support the implementation of combined interventions to ensure the safety of HCWs in healthcare settings.
References
2. Roe, & Lee, K. (2021). Healthcare worker infection rates during respiratory viral pandemics: A systematic review. American Journal ofPublic Health, 111(6), el-e9.
3. Black, C., & Green, A. (2019). Effectiveness of personal protective equipment in preventing airborne transmissions in healthcare workers. Journal of Clinical Virology, 118, 77-84.
4. Kim, L., & Park, T. (2018). Tuberculosis risk among healthcare workers: A retrospective cohort Epidemiology, 39(4), 473-478.
5. Patel, R., & O'Hara, L.M. (2019). Engineering controls for preventing airborne infections among healthcare workers: A review. Public Health Reports, 134(6), 564-572.
6. Thompson, M., & Grabowski, M. (2020). The effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in healthcare workers: A systematic review. Vaccine, 38(7), 1667-1674.
7. Harris, D.A., & Patel, P. (2021). Psychological impact of aerosolgenerating procedures on healthcare workers during the COVID19 pandemic. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(4), 269-278.
8. White, E., & Black, J. (2022). The role of simulation in improving safety during aerosolgenerating procedures. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 48, 55-61.
9. Green, S., & Harris, R. (2022). Evaluating the effectiveness of protective barriers during intubation: A randomized control trial. Journal of Hospital Infection, 108, 189-195.
10. Lee, J.K., & Choi, E.G. (2021). Use of HEPA filters to reduce the risk of infectious aerosol transmission: A comparative analysis. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 42(8), 10211027.
11. Brown, J.T., & Williamson, Z.H. (2020). N95 respirators vs surgical masks in protecting healthcare workers from acute respiratory infection: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 323(19), 1849-1852.
12. Martin, S.T., & Roberts, R. (2019). Powered airpurifying respirator use in healthcare: Effects on respiratory health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61 (8), 675-680.
13. Nguyen, H., & Feldman, C. (2021). Improving hand hygiene practices in healthcare settings: An integrative review. Journal of Infection Prevention, 22(4), 152-160.
14. Ortiz, L., & Kramer, A. (2020). The effectiveness of portable air cleaners in reducing aerosol transmission: A controlled laboratory study. Indoor Air, 30(6), 1067-1078.
15. Simmons, B., & Wong, G. (2019). Educational interventions to prevent respiratory infections among healthcare workers: A systematic review. Nursing Education Today, 79, 205-212.
16. Carter, M., & Thompson, D. (2018). Use of fullbody simulation in training healthcare workers to manage respiratory diseases. Respiratory Medicine, 142, 85-91.
17. Evans, D.A., & Johnson, P.D. (2020). A review of procedural modifications in aerosol-generating procedures and their implications for infection transmission. Healthcare, 8(3), 336.
18. Gallagher, R., & Patel, M. (2021). Hand hygiene compliance rates in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(4), 434-442.
19. Zhou, F., & Yu, T. (2022). The role of telemedicine in monitoring infectious disease symptoms in healthcare workers. Telemedicine and e-Hea1th, 28(5), 657-663.
20. Li, W., & Zhao, X. (2020). Personal protective equipment and infection control behaviors in healthcare workers and their impact on patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(3), 320-328.
21. Mitchell, B., & Armstrong, P. (2019). Negative pressure rooms and tuberculosis: A systematic review of transmission risks to healthcare workers. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 40(7), 709-720.
22. Cooper, L., & Green, N. (2018). Effectiveness of HEPA filters in reducing the spread of airborne bacterial Spores. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(7), 075002.
23. Park, J.H., & Kim, J.K. (2019). Impact of continuous training on infection control among healthcare workers: A longitudinal study. Journal of Hospital Infection, 101(4), 412-418.
24. Davis, K., & Carter, S. (2021). Psychological effects of maskwearing among healthcare workers during COVID-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 370-377.
25. Reynolds, S., & McLaws, M.L. (2020). The effectiveness of targeted infection control interventions on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers: A systematic review. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 9(1), 87.
26. Thomas, R. , & Harri, R. (2022). Simulation training for improving the use Of personal protective equipment in healthcare settings: A systematic review. Medical Education, 56(1), 5868.
27. Watson, L., & Garner, P. (2019). Efficacy of infection control interventions in reducing the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms in hospitals. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(4), 407416.
28. Kumar, A. , & Zarychanski, R. (2021). Strategies for reducing nosocomial infection rates: A comprehensive review. Healthcare, 9(2), 256.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Hani Mohammed Hamdan Alzahrani
Medical Laboratory Technician, Albaha Health Care Centre
Abdullatif Ali A Asiri
Radiology technologies, Alqunfuda General Hospital
Abdullah Dafr Alalharth
Pharmacist, Inventory control administration, Najran
Abdullah Saleh Hossain Alzhrani
Primary Health Care centre manager, Almuzailif General Hospital
Alhussain mohammed hassan mabuj
Epidemiologist, Al-Eidabi General Hospital
Yahya hadi haj madkhali
Epidemiologist, Primary health care administration at Jazan Health
Marwan Idris Ahmed Abiri
specialist – Epidemiology, Alkarboos primary Health care
Afaf Idris Ahmed Abiri
Technician-Nursing, Jazan General Hospital
bander aish a alhomyne
Anesthesia Technician, Irada and Mental Health Complex in Taif
Hassan Mohammed H Al Harthi
Technician Pharmacy, Erads & Mental Health Complex In Taif
Khalaf Owaidh Owadh Alharthi
Nursing technician, Erada & Mental health, Complex in taif
Musaad Mubarak Hassan Alqurashi
Pharmacists and pharmacy Technicians, Irada and mental health Complex in Taif
Khalaf allah mastour obaidallah Alqurashi
Pharmacists and pharmacy Technicians, Irada and mental health Complex in Taif
Ali Jabreel zadi Alzubaidi
Ray technician, Al-Muzhailif General Hospital
Abdulmajeed Obid K Al Zebidi
Health services and hospitals management specialist, Al-Muzhailif General Hospital
