Infection Control Education And Training: Bridging the Gap between Knowledge and Practice
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Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant global issue associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs.
Transmission of pathogens occurs mainly through healthcare workers' (HCWs) hands during patient care activitie. Effective infection control practices and compliance with standard precautions are crucial to curb the spread of HAIs.
This review aims to systematically review the literature on infection control training for HCWs and identify factors influencing compliance. The findings can help optimize training strategies and bridge the knowledge-practice gap.
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from inception to January 2022 using search terms such as "infection control", "hand hygiene", "competency-based training", "compliance", and "knowledge-practice gap".
The literature demonstrates competency-based training improves compliance when incorporating skills assessment and addressing multi-level barriers. However, sustaining behaviors over time remains challenging. This review aims to evaluate the evidence further.
References
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Frank, J. R., Snell, L. S., Cate, O. T., Holmboe, E. S., Carraccio, C., Swing, S. R., Harris, P., Glasgow, N. J., Campbell, C., Dath, D., Harden, R. M., Iobst, W., Long, D. M., Mungroo, R., Richardson, D. L., Sherbino, J., Silver, I., Taber, S., Talbot, M., & Harris, K. A. (2010). Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Medical teacher, 32(8), 638–645.
Gould, D. J., Moralejo, D., Drey, N., & Chudleigh, J. H. (2017). Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, CD005186.
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Kingston, L., O'Connell, N. H., & Dunne, C. P. (2016). Hand hygiene-related clinical trials reported since 2010: A systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 92(4), 309–320.
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Pittet, D., Simon, A., Hugonnet, S., Pessoa-Silva, C. L., Sauvan, V., & Perneger, T. V. (2006). Hand hygiene among physicians: Performance, beliefs, and perceptions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(1), 1–8.
Pittet, D., Mourouga, P., & Perneger, T. V. (2000). Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130(2), 126–130.
Schmidt, M. M. T. M. Vermeulen, and L. W. A. van der Molen, "Longterm effects of problem-based learning: A comparison of competencies acquired by graduates of a problem-based and a conventional medical school," Med. Educ., vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 562–567, Jun. 2010.
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Srigley, J. A., Lightfoot, D., Mooney, D., Armson, H., Vallance-Ojalvo, J., & Gardam, M. (2021). Impact of a competency-based hand hygiene program on healthcare worker behavior. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(3), 320–326.
WHO. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: First global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. World Health Organization.
Allegranzi, B., Nejad, S. B., Combescure, C., Graafmans, W., Attar, H., Donaldson, L., & Pittet, D. (2011). Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 377(9761), 228–241.
Allegranzi, B., Aiken, A. M., Kubilay, N. Z., Nthumba, P., Barasa, J., Ogoina, D., ... Pittet, D. (2019). A multimodal infection control and patient safety intervention to reduce surgical site infections in Africa: A multicentre, before-after, cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(11), 1163–1171.
Alp, E., Dayioglu, H., Turk, E., & Gunay, Y. S. (2017). A web-based interactive educational intervention improves healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hospital Infection, 95(4), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.01.004.
Chen, C.-Y., Huang, L.-Y., Chou, Y.-C., Huang, Y.-T., Chang, C.-C., Chen, Y.-C., & Chou, P. (2020). Effectiveness of a blended learning approach to hand hygiene education for healthcare workers. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–9.
Cheng, V. C. C., Tai, J. W. M., Chan, J. F. W., Wong, S. C. Y., Chu, M. Y., Cheng, P. K. C., ... Yuen, K. Y. (2018). Introduction of a multifaceted hand hygiene campaign in a metropolitan teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Journal of Hospital Infection, 100(1), 36–43.
Dolmans and H. G. Schmidt, "What do we know about cognitive and motivational effects of small group tutorials in problem-based learning?," Adv. Health Sci. Educ., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 721–736, Aug. 2016.
Frank, J. R., Snell, L., Sherbino, J., & Holmboe, E. S. (2015). Competency-based medical education: Theory to practice. Medical Teacher, 37(6), 538–545.
Frank, J. R., Snell, L. S., Cate, O. T., Holmboe, E. S., Carraccio, C., Swing, S. R., Harris, P., Glasgow, N. J., Campbell, C., Dath, D., Harden, R. M., Iobst, W., Long, D. M., Mungroo, R., Richardson, D. L., Sherbino, J., Silver, I., Taber, S., Talbot, M., & Harris, K. A. (2010). Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Medical teacher, 32(8), 638–645.
Gould, D. J., Moralejo, D., Drey, N., & Chudleigh, J. H. (2017). Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, CD005186.
Gould, D. J., Drey, N. S., Millar, M., & Chudleigh, J. H. (2020). Evaluation of a competency-based hand hygiene training programme. Journal of Infection Prevention, 21(1), 4–11.
Hmelo-Silver, "Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn?," Educ. Psychol. Rev., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 235–266, Sep. 2004.
=Huis, A., van Achterberg, T., de Bruin, M., Grol, R., Schoonhoven, L., & Hulscher, M. (2012). A systematic review of hand hygiene improvement strategies: A behavioural approach. Implementation Science, 7(1), 1–10.
Kingston, L., O'Connell, N. H., & Dunne, C. P. (2016). Hand hygiene-related clinical trials reported since 2010: A systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 92(4), 309–320.
Nendaz and A. Tekian, "Assessment in problem-based learning: A review of the literature on its meaning, effectiveness and implementation," Med. Teach., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 3–10, Jan. 1999.
Norman and H. G. Schmidt, "The psychological basis of problem-based learning: A review of the evidence," Acad. Med., vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 557–565, Sep. 1992.
Norman and H. G. Schmidt, "Effectiveness of problem-based learning curricula: Theory, practice and paper darts," Med. Educ., vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 721–728, Sep. 2000.
Pittet, D., Simon, A., Hugonnet, S., Pessoa-Silva, C. L., Sauvan, V., & Perneger, T. V. (2006). Hand hygiene among physicians: Performance, beliefs, and perceptions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(1), 1–8.
Pittet, D., Mourouga, P., & Perneger, T. V. (2000). Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130(2), 126–130.
Schmidt, M. M. T. M. Vermeulen, and L. W. A. van der Molen, "Longterm effects of problem-based learning: A comparison of competencies acquired by graduates of a problem-based and a conventional medical school," Med. Educ., vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 562–567, Jun. 2010.
Srigley, J. A., Furness, C. D., Baker, G. R., & Gardam, M. (2015). Quantifying the Hawthorne effect in hand hygiene compliance monitoring using an electronic monitoring system: A retrospective cohort study. BMJ Quality & Safety, 24(12), 974–980.
Srigley, J. A., Lightfoot, D., Mooney, D., Armson, H., Vallance-Ojalvo, J., & Gardam, M. (2021). Impact of a competency-based hand hygiene program on healthcare worker behavior. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(3), 320–326.
WHO. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: First global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. World Health Organization.
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May 19, 2022
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Bakria Mohamed Mosa Dahas (7), Mousa Hamoud Essa Alqayd (8), HALOSH Darwish Ahmad M (9), Johaly Abdulrahman Mohammed A (10), Salwa Hifthi Jaber Dardari (11), Mulihy Ibrahim Ali M (12), F. M. I. M. (1), A. Q. M. F. (2), M. A. M. Q. (3), K. N. I. A. (4), H. M. M. M. (5), I. G. M. B. (6),. (2022). Infection Control Education And Training: Bridging the Gap between Knowledge and Practice. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 1126-1134. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.5700
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All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Bakria Mohamed Mosa Dahas (7), Mousa Hamoud Essa Alqayd (8), HALOSH Darwish Ahmad M (9), Johaly Abdulrahman Mohammed A (10), Salwa Hifthi Jaber Dardari (11), Mulihy Ibrahim Ali M (12), F. M. I. M. (1), A. Q. M. F. (2), M. A. M. Q. (3), K. N. I. A. (4), H. M. M. M. (5), I. G. M. B. (6),. (2022). Infection Control Education And Training: Bridging the Gap between Knowledge and Practice. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 1126-1134. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.5700