UNLOCKING THE LINK: ELECTROLYTES, LIPID PEROXIDATION, INFLAMMATORY MARKERS, METABOLITES, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, AND HEAVY METALS, IN HYPERTENSION-RELATED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Main Article Content

Mohamed Gamil Mehanna
Marwa Salah Eldien Abd El Raouf
Amr Ibrahim EL Sayed Shehata
Alsayed Magdi Alsayed Farahat
Moustafa M.Ibrahim
Sara Nagdy Mahmoud Mousa
Ghada Mohamed Mohamed Salah Eldin
Mahmoud Moursy Ahmed

Keywords

Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Lipid profile, inflammatory markers, Malonaldehyde, CRP, Electrolytes, Heavy metals

Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a major cause of cardiovascular illnesses like as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), which is among top ten diseases causing death especially in KSA. This study examines the complex relationship between inflammatory indicators, heavy metals, electrolytes, lipid profiles, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and cardiovascular risk in individuals with hypertension.


Method: A total of ninety Saudi patients, ranging in age from 20 to 70, were included in this study. They were asked to complete questionnaires that gathered detailed information on their disease status, lifestyle variables, age, sex, and medication. After a period of fasting for 12 hours, blood samples were taken from the veins to analyze the levels of lipids, heavy metals, malondialdehyde, uric acid, vitamin D, and electrolytes. The participants were classified into three groups: negative control (NTC), hypertensive patients (HTN), and cardiac patients (HTN + CAD). The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of King Abdulaziz University, and all participants provided signed informed permission.


Results: The analysis showed interesting connections, where high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were found to have a positive correlation with cholesterol levels. Additionally, patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) had lower levels of HDL. Hypertensive (HTN) patients exhibited higher levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and vitamin D3 in comparison to the control group. However, there were no significant changes observed between the HTN group and the HTN + CAD (coronary artery disease) group. While the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) increased in both groups, there were no significant differences observed between them. Both blood pressure and cholesterol levels increased, although there were no significant differences between the groups.


Conclusion: This investigation reveals significant associations between several biomarkers and the interaction of hypertension and CAD risk. While providing information on these connections, additional research is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms, which could potentially transform the way these common diseases are diagnosed and treated. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the intricate pathophysiology, with the goal of facilitating targeted therapies and enhancing patient outcomes in the field of cardiovascular health.

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