THE IMPACT OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND DISEASE: A NEGLECTED PATHWAY- A REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Micronutrients, Macronutrients, Periodontitis, Periodontal disease, Vitamins, Minerals
Abstract
Micronutrients, which have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics, are essential for the health of the oral mucosa and structures. Many, if not all, of the micronutrients described have an independent relationship with the frequency of periodontal disease. Micronutrient treatment, both systemic and local, can enhance tissue repair and improve the prognosis of periodontal disorders. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of vitamin supplementation on periodontal treatment, and even fewer have been conducted to investigate the influence of micronutrient deficiencies on the occurrence of periodontitis. More research is needed to broaden the body of information, which might aid in the prevention of oral inflammatory illnesses and the creation of future therapeutic interventions.
References
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29. Daiya, S., Sharma, R.K., Tewari, S., Narula, S.C. and Sehgal, P.K., 2014. Micronutrients and superoxide dismutase in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis: a pilot interventional study. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 44(4), pp.207-213.
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31. Schulze‐Späte, U., Dietrich, T., Wu, C., Wang, K., Hasturk, H. and Dibart, S., 2016. Systemic vitamin D supplementation and local bone formation after maxillary sinus augmentation–a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical investigation. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 27(6), pp.701-706.
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35. Russell A. International nutrition surveys: a summary of preliminary dental findings. J Dent Res. 1963;42(1):233–244. doi:10.1177/ 00220345630420012401
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2. Sanz, M., Herrera, D., Kebschull, M., Chapple, I., Jepsen, S., Berglundh, T., Sculean, A., Tonetti, M.S., EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultants, Merete Aass, A. and Aimetti, M., 2020. Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis—The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 47
3. Janakiram, C., Mehta, A. and Venkitachalam, R., 2020. Prevalence of periodontal disease among adults in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 10(4.
4. Dommisch, H., Kuzmanova, D., Joensson, D., Grant, M. and Chapple, I., 2018. Effect of micronutrient malnutrition on periodontal disease and periodontal therapy. Periodontology 2000, 78(1)
5. Kaur, K., Sculley, D., Wallace, J., Turner, A., Ferraris, C., Veysey, M., Lucock, M. and Beckett, E.L., 2019. Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in oral inflammatory diseases. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 18,
6. Apon, A. and Kamble, P., 2019. Role of trace mineral in periodontal health: a review. Clinical Trials in Degenerative Diseases, 4(2)
7. Smolin, L.A. and Grosvenor, M.B., 2019. Nutrition: Science and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
8. Fialkowski Revilla MK, Titchenall A, Calabrese A, Gibby C, Meinke W. Human Nutrition. 2018 Jun 5. 9. Shetty P, Shetty A, Kumari S. MICRONUTRIENTS AND ORAL HEALTH AN OPPORTUNITY TO PREVENT ORAL DISEASES. Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2019 Oct 22;26(3):311-6.
9. Shenkin, A., 2006. The key role of micronutrients. Clinical nutrition, 25(1)
10. Cormick, G. and Belizán, J.M., 2019. Calcium intake and health. Nutrients, 11(7)
11. Harinarayan, C.V. and Akhila, H., 2019. Modern India and the tale of twin nutrient deficiency–calcium and vitamin D–nutrition trend data 50 years-retrospect, introspect, and prospect. Frontiers in endocrinology.
12. Hans, M., Malik, P.K., Hans, V.M., Chug, A. and Kumar, M., 2023. Serum levels of various vitamins in periodontal health and disease-a cross-sectional study. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 13(4), pp.471-475.
13. Naveenaa, N. and Malaiappan, S., 2022. Assessment of Salivary Micronutrient Levels in Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 10, pp.572-579.
14. Costa, P.D., Canaan, J.C.R., Midori Castelo, P., Campideli Fonseca, D., Márcia Pereira-Dourado, S., Mendonça Murata, R., Pardi, V. and Pereira, L.J., 2021. Influence of micronutrient intake, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors on periodontal status of adults assisted by a public health care system in Brazil: a cross-sectional multivariate analysis. Nutrients, 13(3), p.973.
15. El-Mofty, M., Elkot, S., Ghoneim, A., Yossri, D. and Ezzatt, O.M., 2021. Vitamin C mesotherapy versus topical application for gingival hyperpigmentation: a clinical and histopathological study. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(12), pp.6881-6889.
16. Bakr, I.S., Zaki, A.M., El‐Moslemany, R.M. and Elsaka, R.O., 2021. Vitamin D oral gel for prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis: A randomized clinical trial. Oral Diseases, 27(5), pp.1197-1204.
17. Keceli, H.G., Ercan, N., Karsiyaka Hendek, M., Kisa, U., Mesut, B. and Olgun, E., 2020. The effect of the systemic folic acid intake as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on clinical parameters and homocysteine and C‐reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients: A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 47(5), pp.602-613.
18. Nandlal, B., Sreenivasan, P.K., Shashikumar, P., Devishree, G. and Bettahalli Shivamallu, A., 2021. A randomized clinical study to examine the oral hygiene efficacy of a novel herbal toothpaste with zinc over a 6‐month period. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 19(4), pp.440-449.
19. Hong, J.Y., Lee, J.S., Choi, S.H., Shin, H.S., Park, J.C., Shin, S.I. and Chung, J.H., 2019. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study for evaluating the effects of fixed-dose combinations of vitamin C, vitamin E, lysozyme, and carbazochrome on gingival inflammation in chronic periodontitis patients. BMC Oral Health, 19(1), pp.1-8.
20. Meghil, M.M., Hutchens, L., Raed, A., Multani, N.A., Rajendran, M., Zhu, H., Looney, S., Elashiry, M., Arce, R.M., Peacock, M.E. and Dong, Y., 2019. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on local and systemic inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients: A pilot study. Oral diseases, 25(5), pp.1403-1413.
21. Inonu, E., Hakki, S.S., Kayis, S.A. and Nielsen, F.H., 2020. The association between some macro and trace elements in saliva and periodontal status. Biological trace element research, 197, pp.35-42
22. Li, X., Tang, L., Lin, Y.F. and Xie, G.F., 2018. Role of vitamin C in wound healing after dental implant surgery in patients treated with bone grafts and patients with chronic periodontitis. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 20(5), pp.793-798.
23. Woelber, J.P., Gärtner, M., Breuninger, L., Anderson, A., König, D., Hellwig, E., Al‐Ahmad, A., Vach, K., Dötsch, A., Ratka‐Krüger, P. and Tennert, C., 2019. The influence of an anti‐inflammatory diet on gingivitis. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical periodontology, 46(4), pp.481-490.
24. Jervøe-Storm, P.M., Schulze, H. and Jepsen, S., 2019. A randomized cross-over short-term study on the short-term effects of a zinc-lactate containing mouthwash against oral malodour. Journal of Breath Research, 13(2), p.026005.
25. Thomas, B., Ramesh, A., Suresh, S. and Prasad, B.R., 2013. A comparative evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and selenium in the serum of periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Contemporary clinical dentistry, 4(2), p.176.
26. Sundaram, G., Ramakrishnan, T., Parthasarathy, H., Moses, J. and Lalitha, T., 2017. Evaluation of micronutrient (zinc, magnesium, and copper) levels in serum and glycemic status after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Contemporary clinical dentistry, 8(1), p.26.
27. Chopra, A., Thomas, B.S., Sivaraman, K., Prasad, H.K. and Kamath, S.U., 2016. Green Tea Intake as an Adjunct to Mechanical Periodontal Therapy for the Management of Mild to Moderate Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 14(4).
28. Manthena, S., Rao, M.V.R., Penubolu, L.P., Putcha, M. and Harsha, A.V.N.S., 2015. Effectiveness of CoQ10 oral supplements as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in improving periodontal health. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(8), p.ZC26
29. Daiya, S., Sharma, R.K., Tewari, S., Narula, S.C. and Sehgal, P.K., 2014. Micronutrients and superoxide dismutase in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis: a pilot interventional study. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 44(4), pp.207-213.
30. Martinon, P., Fraticelli, L., Giboreau, A., Dussart, C., Bourgeois, D. and Carrouel, F., 2021. Nutrition as a key modifiable factor for periodontitis and main chronic diseases. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(2), p.197.
31. Schulze‐Späte, U., Dietrich, T., Wu, C., Wang, K., Hasturk, H. and Dibart, S., 2016. Systemic vitamin D supplementation and local bone formation after maxillary sinus augmentation–a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical investigation. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 27(6), pp.701-706.
32. Najeeb, S., Zafar, M.S., Khurshid, Z., Zohaib, S. and Almas, K., 2016. The role of nutrition in periodontal health: an update. Nutrients, 8(9), p.530
33. Zong G, Holtfreter B, Scott AE, et al. Serum vitamin B12 is inversely associated with periodontal progression and risk of tooth loss: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43(1):2–9. doi:10.1111/jcpe.12483
34. Rizzo G, Laganà A, Rapisarda A, et al. Vitamin B12 among vegetarians: status, assessment and supplementation. Nutrients. 2016;8 (12):767. doi:10.3390/nu8120767
35. Russell A. International nutrition surveys: a summary of preliminary dental findings. J Dent Res. 1963;42(1):233–244. doi:10.1177/ 00220345630420012401
36. Yan K, Lin Q, Tang K, et al. Substance P participates in periodontitis by upregulating HIF-1alpha and RANKL/OPG ratio. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):27. doi:10.1186/s12903-020-1017-9
37. Timmerman MF, Abbas F, Loos BG. Java project on periodontal diseases: the relationship between vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34(4):299–304. doi:10.1111/ j.1600-051X.2007.01053.x
38. Mustafa M, Zarrough A, Bolstad AI, et al. Resolvin D1 protects periodontal ligament. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013;305(6): C673–C679. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00242.2012
39. Freeland-Graves JH, Lin P-H. Plasma uptake of manganese as affected by oral loads of manganese, calcium, milk, phosphorus, copper, and zinc. J Am Coll Nutr. 1991;10(1):38–43. doi:10.1080/ 07315724.1991.10718124
40. Lee J-H, Shin MS, Kim EJ, Ahn YB, Kim HD. The association of dietary vitamin C intake with periodontitis among Korean adults: results from KNHANES IV. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177074. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177074
41. Staudte H, Sigusch B, Glockmann E. Grapefruit consumption improves vitamin C status in periodontitis patients. Br Dent J. 2005;199(4):213–217. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4812613
42. Amaliya A, Laine ML, Delanghe JR, et al. Java project on periodontal diseases: periodontal bone loss in relation to environmental and systemic conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(4):325–332. doi:10.1111/jcpe.12381
43. Jacob RA, Omaye ST, Skala JH, Leggott PJ, Rothman DL, Murray PA. Experimental vitamin C depletion and supplementation in young men: nutrient interactions and dental health effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;498(1):333–346. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987. tb23772.x
44. Nakamoto T, McCroskey M, Mallek HM. The role of ascorbic acid deficiency in human gingivitis—a new hypothesis. J Theor Biol. 1984;108(2):163–171. doi:10.1016/S0022-5193(84)80063-6
45. Al‐Zahrani MS. Increased intake of dairy products is related to lower periodontitis prevalence. Journal of periodontology. 2006 Feb;77(2):289-94.
46. Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, Dixon DA, Couture RA, Anderson Spearie CL, Langenwalter EM, Shannon WD, Deych E, Mueller C, Civitelli R. One‐year effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on chronic periodontitis. Journal of periodontology. 2011 Jan;82(1):25-32.
47. Miley DD, Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Shannon WD, Couture RA, Anderson Spearie CL, Dixon DA, Langenwalter EM, Mueller C, Civitelli R. Cross‐sectional study of vitamin D and calcium supplementation effects on chronic periodontitis. Journal of periodontology. 2009 Sep;80(9):1433-9.
48. Meisel P, Schwahn C, Luedemann J, John U, Kroemer HK, Kocher T. Magnesium deficiency is associated with periodontal disease. Journal of dental research. 2005 Oct;84(10):937-41.
49. Yamori M, Njelekela M, Mtabaji J, Yamori Y, Bessho K. Hypertension, periodontal disease, and potassium intake in nonsmoking, nondrinker African women on no medication. International journal of hypertension. 2011 Aug 4;2011.
50. Oh K, Kim Y, Kweon S, Kim S, Yun S, Park S, Lee YK, Kim Y, Park O, Jeong EK. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 20th anniversary: accomplishments and future directions. Epidemiology and health. 2021;43.
51. Pushparani DS, Anandan SN, Theagarayan P. Serum zinc and magnesium concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2014 Mar;18(2):187.
52. Oberritter, H., Glatthaar, B., Moser, U. & Schmidt, K. H. (1986) Effect of functional stimulation on ascorbate content in phagocytes under physiological and pathological conditions. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 81, 46–50.
53. Boxer, L. A., Vanderbilt, B., Bonsib, S., Jersild, R., Yang, H. H. & Baehner, R. L. (1979) Enhancement of chemotactic response and microtubule assembly in human leukocytes by ascorbic acid. Journal of Cellular Physiology 100, 119–126.
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Jan 18, 2023
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Bhavya Shetty, Shahaziya Faruk, Ibrahim Fazal, & Manjusha Nambiar. (2023). THE IMPACT OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND DISEASE: A NEGLECTED PATHWAY- A REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(1), 650–671. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i1.3040
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Author Biographies
Bhavya Shetty
Associate Professor, Dept. of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences-Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore.
Shahaziya Faruk
Postgraduate, Dept. of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences-Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore.
Ibrahim Fazal
Consultant Periodontist and Implantologist, Bangalore.
Manjusha Nambiar
Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Periodontology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore.