THE HIDDEN CONNECTION: UNVEILING THE LINK BETWEEN BREAST CANCER AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
Main Article Content
Keywords
Cancer, chronic, metabolic, obesity, syndrome, tumor
Abstract
In today's fast-paced and convenience-driven world, metabolic syndrome has become a growing concern. Not only does it increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke, but recent research suggests that it may also be linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Unraveling the connection between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer is an important step in understanding this complex disease and potentially finding new ways to prevent or treat it. Recent investigation has suggested a plausible connection between MS and breast tumorigenesis, encompassing diverse hormonal pathways like insulin, estrogen, cytokines, and growth factors. This investigation sought to gauge the frequency of metabolic syndrome in breast cancer patients and evaluate its function as a separate risk factor for breast cancer occurrence. A group of breast cancer patients and controls was examined for the occurrence of MS and its constituents, unveiling a noteworthy correlation between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer hazard. Researchers suspect that the underlying mechanisms of metabolic syndromes, such as chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances, may play a role in the development and progression of breast cancer.
References
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16. Jee, S.H., Ohrr, H., Sull, J.W., Yun, J.E., Ji, M. and Samet, J.M., 2005. Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Jama, 293(2), pp.194-202.
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19. Agurs-Collins, T., Kim, K.S., Dunston, G.M. and Adams-Campbell, L.L., 1998. Plasma lipid alterations in African-American women with breast cancer. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 124, pp.186-190.
20. Osaki Y, Taniguchi S, Tahara A, Okamoto M, Kishimoto T. Metabolic syndrome and incidence of liver and breast cancers in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012; 36: 141–147. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.007 PMID: 21890443
21. Sieri S, Muti P, Claudia A, Berrino F, Pala V, Grioni S, et al. Prospective study on the role of glucose metabolism in breast cancer occurrence. Int J Cancer. 2012; 130: 921–929. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26071 PMID: 21413010
22. Brismar K, Hilding A, Lindgren B. Regulation of IGFBP-1 in humans. Prog Growth Factor Res. 1995; 6: 449–456. PMID: 8817689
23. Norat T, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Overvad K, Gronbaek H, Tjonneland A, et al. Diet, serum insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in European women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007; 61: 91–98. PMID: 16900085
24. Braun S, Bitton-Worms K, LeRoith D. The link between the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2011; 7: 1003–1015. PMID: 21912508
25. Bradley LM, Gierthy JF, Pentecost BT. Role of the insulin-like growth factor system on an estrogen-dependent cancer phenotype in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008; 109: 185–196. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.10.006 PMID: 18337089
26. Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Ebrahim S. Hyperinsulinaemia and increased risk of breast cancer: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2004; 15: 267–275. PMID: 15090721
27. Strange KS, Wilkinson D, Edin G, Emerman JT. Mitogenic properties of insulin-like growth factors I and II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and epidermal growth factor on human breast stromal cells in primary culture. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004; 84: 77–84. PMID: 14999138
28. Sachdev D and Yee D. The IGF system and breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001; 8: 197–209. PMID: 11566611
29. Probst-Hensch NM, Ingles SA, Diep AT, Haile RW, Stanczyk FZ, Kolonel LN, et al. Aromatase and breast cancer susceptibility. Endocr Relat Cancer. 1999; 6: 165–173. PMID: 10731105
30. Toniolo PG, Levitz M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Banerjee S, Koenig KL, Shore RE, et al. A prospective study of endogenous estrogens and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87: 190–197. PMID: 7707406
31. Kaaks R, Rinaldi S, Key TJ, Berrino F, Peeters PH, Biessy C, et al. Postmenopausal serum androgens, oestrogens and breast cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005; 12: 1071–1082. PMID: 16322344
32. Poretsky L, Cataldo NA, Rosenwaks Z, Giudice LC. The insulin-related ovarian regulatory system in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 1999; 20: 535–582. PMID: 10453357
33. Nelson LR and Bulun SE. Estrogen production and action. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001; 45: S116–S124. PMID: 11511861
34. McTernan PG, Anwar A, Eggo MC, Barnett AH, Stewart PM, Kumar S. Gender differences in the regulation of P450 aromatase expression and activity in human adipose tissue. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24: 875–881. PMID: 10918534
35. Sherif K, Kushner H, Falkner BE. Sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance in African-American women. Metabolism. 1998; 47: 70–74. PMID: 9440480
36. Rose DP, Haffner SM, Baillargeon J. Adiposity, the metabolic syndrome, and breast cancer in AfricanAmerican and white American women. Endocr Rev. 2007; 28: 763–777. PMID: 17981890
37. Sieminska L, Wojciechowska C, Foltyn W, Kajdaniuk D, Kos-Kudla B, Marek B, et al. The relation of serum adiponectin and leptin levels to metabolic syndrome in women before and after the menopause. Endokrynol Pol. 2006; 57: 15–22. PMID: 16575758
38. Purohit A, Newman SP, Reed MJ. The role of cytokines in regulating estrogen synthesis: implications for the etiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2002; 4: 65–69. PMID: 11879566
39. Vona-Davis L and Rose DP. Adipokines as endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors in breast cancer risk and progression. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007; 14: 189–206. PMID: 17639037
40. Ryo M, Nakamura T, Kihara S, Kumada M, Shibazaki S, Takahashi M, et al. Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2004; 68: 975–981. PMID: 15502375
41. Beaulieu LM, Whitley BR, Wiesner TF, Rehault SM, Palmieri D, Elkahloun AG, et al. Breast cancer and metabolic syndrome linked through the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 cycle. Bioessays. 2007; 29: 1029–1038. PMID: 17876797
42. Iacoviello L, Agnoli C, De Curtis A, di Castelnuovo A, Giurdanella MC, Krogh V, et al. Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor as a common risk factor for cancer and ischaemic vascular disease: the EPICOR study. BMJ Open. 2013; 3: e003725. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003725 PMID: 24231461
43. Nestler JE. Insulin regulation of human ovarian androgens. Hum Reprod. 1997; 12 Suppl 1: 53–62. PMID: 9403321
44. Potischman N, Swanson CA, Siiteri P, Hoover RN. Reversal of relation between body mass and endogenous estrogen concentrations with menopausal status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996; 88: 756–758. PMID: 8637031
45. Al Delaimy WK, Jansen EH, Peeters PH, van der Laan JD, van Noord PA, Boshuizen HC, et al. Reliability of biomarkers of iron status, blood lipids, oxidative stress, vitamin D, C-reactive protein and fructosamine in two Dutch cohorts. Biomarkers. 2006; 11: 370–382. PMID: 16908443
2. Xiang, Y. Z., Xie, Q., Cheng, Y., Li, Y. J., & Ge, W. P. (2017). Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Oncotarget, 8(43), 75384-75395. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20280
3. Iacoviello, L., Bonaccio, M., de Gaetano, G. and Donati, M.B., 2021, July. Epidemiology of breast cancer, a paradigm of the “common soil” hypothesis. In Seminars in cancer biology (Vol. 72, pp. 4-10). Academic Press.
4. Kumar, N.B., Lyman, G.H., Allen, K., Cox, C.E. and Schapira, D.V., 1995. Timing of weight gain and breast cancer risk. Cancer, 76(2), pp.243-249.
5. Buono, G., Crispo, A., Giuliano, M., De Angelis, C., Schettini, F., Forestieri, V., Lauria, R., De Laurentiis, M., De Placido, P., Rea, C.G. and Pacilio, C., 2020. Metabolic syndrome and early stage breast cancer outcome: results from a prospective observational study. Breast cancer research and treatment, 182, pp.401-409.
6. Maiti, B., Kundranda, M.N., Spiro, T.P. and Daw, H.A., 2010. The association of metabolic syndrome with triple-negative breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment, 121, pp.479-483.
7. Kabat, G.C., Kim, M., Chlebowski, R.T., Khandekar, J., Ko, M.G., McTiernan, A., Neuhouser, M.L., Parker, D.R., Shikany, J.M., Stefanick, M.L. and Thomson, C.A., 2009. A longitudinal study of the metabolic syndrome and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 18(7), pp.2046-2053.
8. Kelly, T., Yang, W., Chen, C.S., Reynolds, K. and He, J., 2008. Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. International journal of obesity, 32(9), pp.1431-1437.
9. Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R.L., Torre, L.A. and Jemal, A., 2018. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 68(6), pp.394-424.
10. Dieli-Conwright, C.M., Wong, L., Waliany, S. et al. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer survivors: a follow-up analysis after completion of chemotherapy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 14, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-022-00807-y
11. Nissen, M.J., Shapiro, A. and Swenson, K.K., 2011. Changes in weight and body composition in women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Clinical breast cancer, 11(1), pp.52-60.
12. Gandhi, A., Copson, E., Eccles, D., Durcan, L., Howell, A., Morris, J., Howell, S., McDiarmid, S., Sellers, K., Evans, D.G. and Harvie, M., 2019. Predictors of weight gain in a cohort of premenopausal early breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The Breast, 45, pp.1-6.
13. Alexopoulos, C.G., Blatsios, B. and Avgerinos, A., 1987. Serum lipids and lipoprotein disorders in cancer patients. Cancer, 60(12), pp.3065-3070.
14. Larsson, S.C., Mantzoros, C.S. and Wolk, A., 2007. Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta‐analysis. International journal of cancer, 121(4), pp.856-862.
15. Goodman, M.T., Cologne, J.B., Moriwaki, H., Vaeth, M. and Mabuchi, K., 1997. Risk factors for primary breast cancer in Japan: 8-year follow-up of atomic bomb survivors. Preventive medicine, 26(1), pp.144-153.
16. Jee, S.H., Ohrr, H., Sull, J.W., Yun, J.E., Ji, M. and Samet, J.M., 2005. Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Jama, 293(2), pp.194-202.
17. Morimoto, L.M., White, E., Chen, Z., Chlebowski, R.T., Hays, J., Kuller, L., Lopez, A.M., Manson, J., Margolis, K.L., Muti, P.C. and Stefanick, M.L., 2002. Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes & Control, 13, pp.741-751.
18. Peacock, S.L., White, E., Daling, J.R., Voigt, L.F. and Malone, K.E., 1999. Relation between obesity and breast cancer in young women. American journal of epidemiology, 149(4), pp.339-346.
19. Agurs-Collins, T., Kim, K.S., Dunston, G.M. and Adams-Campbell, L.L., 1998. Plasma lipid alterations in African-American women with breast cancer. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 124, pp.186-190.
20. Osaki Y, Taniguchi S, Tahara A, Okamoto M, Kishimoto T. Metabolic syndrome and incidence of liver and breast cancers in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012; 36: 141–147. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.007 PMID: 21890443
21. Sieri S, Muti P, Claudia A, Berrino F, Pala V, Grioni S, et al. Prospective study on the role of glucose metabolism in breast cancer occurrence. Int J Cancer. 2012; 130: 921–929. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26071 PMID: 21413010
22. Brismar K, Hilding A, Lindgren B. Regulation of IGFBP-1 in humans. Prog Growth Factor Res. 1995; 6: 449–456. PMID: 8817689
23. Norat T, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Overvad K, Gronbaek H, Tjonneland A, et al. Diet, serum insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in European women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007; 61: 91–98. PMID: 16900085
24. Braun S, Bitton-Worms K, LeRoith D. The link between the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2011; 7: 1003–1015. PMID: 21912508
25. Bradley LM, Gierthy JF, Pentecost BT. Role of the insulin-like growth factor system on an estrogen-dependent cancer phenotype in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008; 109: 185–196. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.10.006 PMID: 18337089
26. Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Ebrahim S. Hyperinsulinaemia and increased risk of breast cancer: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2004; 15: 267–275. PMID: 15090721
27. Strange KS, Wilkinson D, Edin G, Emerman JT. Mitogenic properties of insulin-like growth factors I and II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and epidermal growth factor on human breast stromal cells in primary culture. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004; 84: 77–84. PMID: 14999138
28. Sachdev D and Yee D. The IGF system and breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001; 8: 197–209. PMID: 11566611
29. Probst-Hensch NM, Ingles SA, Diep AT, Haile RW, Stanczyk FZ, Kolonel LN, et al. Aromatase and breast cancer susceptibility. Endocr Relat Cancer. 1999; 6: 165–173. PMID: 10731105
30. Toniolo PG, Levitz M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Banerjee S, Koenig KL, Shore RE, et al. A prospective study of endogenous estrogens and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87: 190–197. PMID: 7707406
31. Kaaks R, Rinaldi S, Key TJ, Berrino F, Peeters PH, Biessy C, et al. Postmenopausal serum androgens, oestrogens and breast cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005; 12: 1071–1082. PMID: 16322344
32. Poretsky L, Cataldo NA, Rosenwaks Z, Giudice LC. The insulin-related ovarian regulatory system in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 1999; 20: 535–582. PMID: 10453357
33. Nelson LR and Bulun SE. Estrogen production and action. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001; 45: S116–S124. PMID: 11511861
34. McTernan PG, Anwar A, Eggo MC, Barnett AH, Stewart PM, Kumar S. Gender differences in the regulation of P450 aromatase expression and activity in human adipose tissue. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24: 875–881. PMID: 10918534
35. Sherif K, Kushner H, Falkner BE. Sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance in African-American women. Metabolism. 1998; 47: 70–74. PMID: 9440480
36. Rose DP, Haffner SM, Baillargeon J. Adiposity, the metabolic syndrome, and breast cancer in AfricanAmerican and white American women. Endocr Rev. 2007; 28: 763–777. PMID: 17981890
37. Sieminska L, Wojciechowska C, Foltyn W, Kajdaniuk D, Kos-Kudla B, Marek B, et al. The relation of serum adiponectin and leptin levels to metabolic syndrome in women before and after the menopause. Endokrynol Pol. 2006; 57: 15–22. PMID: 16575758
38. Purohit A, Newman SP, Reed MJ. The role of cytokines in regulating estrogen synthesis: implications for the etiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2002; 4: 65–69. PMID: 11879566
39. Vona-Davis L and Rose DP. Adipokines as endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors in breast cancer risk and progression. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007; 14: 189–206. PMID: 17639037
40. Ryo M, Nakamura T, Kihara S, Kumada M, Shibazaki S, Takahashi M, et al. Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2004; 68: 975–981. PMID: 15502375
41. Beaulieu LM, Whitley BR, Wiesner TF, Rehault SM, Palmieri D, Elkahloun AG, et al. Breast cancer and metabolic syndrome linked through the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 cycle. Bioessays. 2007; 29: 1029–1038. PMID: 17876797
42. Iacoviello L, Agnoli C, De Curtis A, di Castelnuovo A, Giurdanella MC, Krogh V, et al. Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor as a common risk factor for cancer and ischaemic vascular disease: the EPICOR study. BMJ Open. 2013; 3: e003725. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003725 PMID: 24231461
43. Nestler JE. Insulin regulation of human ovarian androgens. Hum Reprod. 1997; 12 Suppl 1: 53–62. PMID: 9403321
44. Potischman N, Swanson CA, Siiteri P, Hoover RN. Reversal of relation between body mass and endogenous estrogen concentrations with menopausal status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996; 88: 756–758. PMID: 8637031
45. Al Delaimy WK, Jansen EH, Peeters PH, van der Laan JD, van Noord PA, Boshuizen HC, et al. Reliability of biomarkers of iron status, blood lipids, oxidative stress, vitamin D, C-reactive protein and fructosamine in two Dutch cohorts. Biomarkers. 2006; 11: 370–382. PMID: 16908443
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Sep 23, 2023
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Alati, R. M., Sahu, D. P., Panigrahi, D. M., Kamble, D. A. A., Dr Yajnesh Prasanna Sahu, & Dr Seema Yadav. (2023). THE HIDDEN CONNECTION: UNVEILING THE LINK BETWEEN BREAST CANCER AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(17), 621–631. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i17.2892
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Author Biographies
Ryad Moftah Alati
Al asmarya Islamic University
Dr Padmini Sahu
Assistant Professor, General Medicine, Bhima Bhoi Medical College Balangir
Dr Muralidhar Panigrahi
Associate Professor, Pharmacology, Bhima Bhoi Medical College Balangir
Dr. Aishwarya Arunkumar Kamble
MD Internal Medicine Physician
Dr Yajnesh Prasanna Sahu
Assistant Professor, Pharmacology, Bhima Bhoi Medical College, Balangir
Dr Seema Yadav
Principal College of Nursing. Sarojini Naidu Medical College Agra,UP