BLOOD DONOR DEFERRAL PATTERN AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING INSTITUTE IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Donor Deferral, Temporary, Permanent, Underweight, Anemia, Blood Pressure
Abstract
Introduction: Blood donor deferral is the fundamental component of blood donation systems worldwide, ensuring the safety of the blood supply and the health of donors and recipients. This practice involves an individual's temporary and permanent deferral from donating blood based on specific criteria. Knowing these causes of temporary and permanent deferrals in our region helps guide these deferred blood donors to be recruited back in the future.
Material and Methods: A retrospective record-based study of deferral of blood donors who presented at the blood bank at Autonomous State Medical College over three years (July 2019–June 2022). Blood donors were screened per the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 included in our institute's standard operating procedure of blood bank.
Results: There were 32381 donors registered, of which 2039 (6.3%) donors were deferred from donating blood. Donor deferrals were segregated into temporary and permanent. Most deferred donors were male (89.8%) compared to females(11.2%). The temporarily deferred (98.8%) was higher than permanently deferred (1.2%). Overall the three most common reasons for temporary pathological deferral in males were blood pressure(51.6%), followed by medication(14%), and infection-cough-cold (6.86%), and in females, anemia (82.18%), followed by low blood pressure(5.17%) and dengue(3.44%) respectively. The three most common causes for permanent deferral in males were heart disease (43.47%), followed by asthma 8 (34.78%), and unexplained weight loss (21.73%).
Conclusion: Blood donor deferral is a critical step in the donor selection process. Blood donors can be informed of various deferral causes and educated about their interval and treatment for safe blood.
Material and Methods: A retrospective record-based study of deferral of blood donors who presented at the blood bank at Autonomous State Medical College over three years (July 2019–June 2022). Blood donors were screened per the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 included in our institute's standard operating procedure of blood bank.
Results: There were 32381 donors registered, of which 2039 (6.3%) donors were deferred from donating blood. Donor deferrals were segregated into temporary and permanent. Most deferred donors were male (89.8%) compared to females(11.2%). The temporarily deferred (98.8%) was higher than permanently deferred (1.2%). Overall the three most common reasons for temporary pathological deferral in males were blood pressure(51.6%), followed by medication(14%), and infection-cough-cold (6.86%), and in females, anemia (82.18%), followed by low blood pressure(5.17%) and dengue(3.44%) respectively. The three most common causes for permanent deferral in males were heart disease (43.47%), followed by asthma 8 (34.78%), and unexplained weight loss (21.73%).
Conclusion: Blood donor deferral is a critical step in the donor selection process. Blood donors can be informed of various deferral causes and educated about their interval and treatment for safe blood.
References
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6. Bobati SS, Basavraj V, Prakash P. Analysis of predonation loss of blood donors due to deferrals - in a tertiary care hospital set up. Int J Health Allied Sci 2016;5:15-8.
7. Serrano-Delgado VM, Valdez-Martínez E, Márquez-González H. Donor notification of permanent deferral: a qualitative study on the perceptions and practices of notifier and blood donor in Mexico. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jun 10;22(1):761. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08103-1. PMID: 35689219; PMCID: PMC9185984.
8. Periyavan S, Sangeetha SK, Marimuthu P, Manjunath BK, Seema DM. Distribution of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups in and around Bangalore. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010 Jan;4(1):41. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.59391. PMID: 20376267; PMCID: PMC2847344.
9. Krishna MC, Sharada.MS, Harish S., Raman MH. Frequency and Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (D) Blood Groups In and Around Tumkur, Karnataka Study from Teritiary Care Teaching Hospital. International Journal of Healthcare Sciences 2014;2(2):258-262
10. Talonu T. Causes of volunteer blood donor rejection in Papua New Guinea. P N G Med J. 1983 Sep-Dec;26(3-4):195-7. PMID: 6595888.
11. Blumberg N, Shah I, Hoagland J, Shirer L, Katz AJ. Evaluation of individuals deferred from blood donation for medical reasons. Vox Sang. 1982 Jan;42(1):1-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1982.tb01063.x. PMID: 7058661.
12. Lim JC, Tien SL, Ong YW. Main causes of pre-donation deferral of prospective blood donors in the Singapore Blood Transfusion Service. Ann Acad Med Singap. 1993 May;22(3):326-31. PMID: 8373113.
13. Chaudhary RK, Gupta D, Gupta RK. Analysis of donor-deferral pattern in a voluntary blood donor population. Transfus Med. 1995 Sep;5(3):209-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995. tb00230. x. PMID: 8593526.
14. Chauhan DN, Desai KN, Trivedi HJ, Agnihotri AS. Evaluation of blood donor deferral causes: a tertiary-care center-based study. Int J ed Sci Public Health 2015;4:389-392
15. Patel S, Patel J, Patel A, Pandya AN, Raja K, Dobariya G et al. The study of deferred blood donors at tertiary level hospital-based Blood Bank of South Gujarat. J evolution Medic dental Sci. 2015;4:4590-98
16. Khalid A, Khalid N, Rehan M (2018) Monitoring the Spectrum of Donor Deferrals in a Hospital Blood Bank: A Tertiary care Hospital Experience. J Blood Lymph 8: 214. doi:10.4172/2165-7831.1000214
17. Chauhan, C., Chauhan, R., Awasthi, S., Dutta, S., & Joshi, H. (2017). Pattern and outcome of donor deferral -? need of hour. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(1), 289–292. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175736
18. Sundar P, Sangeetha SK, Seema DM, Marimuthu P, Shivanna N. Pre-donation deferral of blood donors in South Indian set-up: An analysis. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010 Jul;4(2):112-5. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.67037. PMID: 20859511; PMCID: PMC2937287.
19. Jashnani KD, Patil LN. Blood donor deferrals: Can this be reduced? Asian J Transfus Sci. 2011 Jan;5(1):60. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.76011. PMID: 21572724; PMCID: PMC3082725.
20. Maghsudlu M, Nasizadeh S, Toogeh GR, Zandieh T, Parandoush S, Rezayani M. Short-term ferrous sulfate supplementation in female blood donors. Transfusion. 2008 Jun;48(6):1192-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01671.x. Epub 2008 Mar 17. PMID: 18363581.
2. Marwaha N. Voluntary blood donation in India: Achievements, expectations and challenges. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2015 Apr;9(Suppl 1):S1-2. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.157011. PMID: 26097329; PMCID: PMC4455102.
3. Masser BM, White KM, Hyde MK, Terry DJ. The psychology of blood donation: current research and future directions. Transfus Med Rev. 2008 Jul;22(3):215-33. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv. 2008.02.005. PMID: 18572097.
4. Baxi A. Misconceptions over blood donation causing a shortage in India. The Economic Times. February 10, 2008. Available online: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/consumer-life/misconceptions-over-blood-donation-causing-shortage-in-india/articleshow/2770144.cms?from=mdr (accessed on 08 August 2023).
5. Malhotra S, Negi G. Analysis of reasons of blood donor deferral at a tertiary care institute in India and its reflections on community health status. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2023 Jan-Jun;17(1):48-52. doi: 10.4103/ajts.AJTS_69_19. Epub 2023 Mar 1. PMID: 37188024; PMCID: PMC10180785.
6. Bobati SS, Basavraj V, Prakash P. Analysis of predonation loss of blood donors due to deferrals - in a tertiary care hospital set up. Int J Health Allied Sci 2016;5:15-8.
7. Serrano-Delgado VM, Valdez-Martínez E, Márquez-González H. Donor notification of permanent deferral: a qualitative study on the perceptions and practices of notifier and blood donor in Mexico. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jun 10;22(1):761. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08103-1. PMID: 35689219; PMCID: PMC9185984.
8. Periyavan S, Sangeetha SK, Marimuthu P, Manjunath BK, Seema DM. Distribution of ABO and Rhesus-D blood groups in and around Bangalore. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010 Jan;4(1):41. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.59391. PMID: 20376267; PMCID: PMC2847344.
9. Krishna MC, Sharada.MS, Harish S., Raman MH. Frequency and Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (D) Blood Groups In and Around Tumkur, Karnataka Study from Teritiary Care Teaching Hospital. International Journal of Healthcare Sciences 2014;2(2):258-262
10. Talonu T. Causes of volunteer blood donor rejection in Papua New Guinea. P N G Med J. 1983 Sep-Dec;26(3-4):195-7. PMID: 6595888.
11. Blumberg N, Shah I, Hoagland J, Shirer L, Katz AJ. Evaluation of individuals deferred from blood donation for medical reasons. Vox Sang. 1982 Jan;42(1):1-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1982.tb01063.x. PMID: 7058661.
12. Lim JC, Tien SL, Ong YW. Main causes of pre-donation deferral of prospective blood donors in the Singapore Blood Transfusion Service. Ann Acad Med Singap. 1993 May;22(3):326-31. PMID: 8373113.
13. Chaudhary RK, Gupta D, Gupta RK. Analysis of donor-deferral pattern in a voluntary blood donor population. Transfus Med. 1995 Sep;5(3):209-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995. tb00230. x. PMID: 8593526.
14. Chauhan DN, Desai KN, Trivedi HJ, Agnihotri AS. Evaluation of blood donor deferral causes: a tertiary-care center-based study. Int J ed Sci Public Health 2015;4:389-392
15. Patel S, Patel J, Patel A, Pandya AN, Raja K, Dobariya G et al. The study of deferred blood donors at tertiary level hospital-based Blood Bank of South Gujarat. J evolution Medic dental Sci. 2015;4:4590-98
16. Khalid A, Khalid N, Rehan M (2018) Monitoring the Spectrum of Donor Deferrals in a Hospital Blood Bank: A Tertiary care Hospital Experience. J Blood Lymph 8: 214. doi:10.4172/2165-7831.1000214
17. Chauhan, C., Chauhan, R., Awasthi, S., Dutta, S., & Joshi, H. (2017). Pattern and outcome of donor deferral -? need of hour. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(1), 289–292. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175736
18. Sundar P, Sangeetha SK, Seema DM, Marimuthu P, Shivanna N. Pre-donation deferral of blood donors in South Indian set-up: An analysis. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010 Jul;4(2):112-5. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.67037. PMID: 20859511; PMCID: PMC2937287.
19. Jashnani KD, Patil LN. Blood donor deferrals: Can this be reduced? Asian J Transfus Sci. 2011 Jan;5(1):60. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.76011. PMID: 21572724; PMCID: PMC3082725.
20. Maghsudlu M, Nasizadeh S, Toogeh GR, Zandieh T, Parandoush S, Rezayani M. Short-term ferrous sulfate supplementation in female blood donors. Transfusion. 2008 Jun;48(6):1192-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01671.x. Epub 2008 Mar 17. PMID: 18363581.
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Published
Sep 5, 2023
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How to Cite
Dr. Jeetu Raj Singh, Dr. Shabahat Husain, Dr.Ajit Singh, Dr. Sonia Singh, & Dr. Vishal Prakash Giri. (2023). BLOOD DONOR DEFERRAL PATTERN AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING INSTITUTE IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(17), 1068–1074. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i17.2693
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Author Biographies
Dr. Jeetu Raj Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of Blood bank, Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur
Dr. Shabahat Husain
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology and Blood bank, Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur
Dr.Ajit Singh
Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal
Dr. Sonia Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Kalpana Chawla Medical College, Karnal
Dr. Vishal Prakash Giri
Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur