Experimental therapeutic challenge of two bacteriophages isolates against E. coli serogroup causing diahrea
Main Article Content
Keywords
phage therapy, E. coli, experimental trails, Guinea pigs
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the efficacy of selected bacteriophages in the treatment of experimental diarrhea in a group of laboratory animals infected with Escherichia coli used as challenge bacteria. Bacteriophage was administered orally, up to three times, 24 hours after administration of challenge bacteria, and following diarrhea. Weight change, diarrhea duration, diarrhea severity, diarrhea degree score, and the rate of challenged E. coli bacteria shedding over the course of six days were the parameters utilized to determine if changes had occurred. The bacteriophages that were tested for treatment were successful in making a qualitative change in these parameters. These bacteriophages produced specific changes in all parameters without affecting the normal flora shed in the feces. These results indicate that the selected bacteriophages had an effective effect in treating experimental diarrhea in laboratory animals after giving a challenge bacterium orally.
References
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24. Jamalludeen, N., R. P. Johnson., R. Friendship., A. M. Kropinski., E. J. Lingohr., and C.L. Gyles. 2007. Isolation and characterization of nine bacteriophages that lyse O149 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Veterinary Microbiology 124; 47–57.
25. Jamalludeen, N.M., and D. M. Shakir. 2022. In vitro effect of newly bacteriophages isolates against Escherichia coli serogroups collected from the local hospital laboratory: their specific
characterization and identification. J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci : 11 (6) e5478. https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.5478.
26. Harris, R. J. C. 1954. Biological Application of Freezing and Drying. Academic Press Inc. New York. PP.215-252.
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28. Son, M. S., and R. K. Taylor. 2021. Growth and Maintenance of Escherichia coli Laboratory Strains. Curr Protoc.1(1): e20. doi:10.1002/cpz1.20.
29. Jensen, G. M. K. Frydendahl, O. Svendsen, C. B. Jorgensen, S. Cirera, M. Fredholm, JP. Nielsen, and K. Moller. 2006. Experimental infection with Escherichia coli O149: F4ac in weaned piglets. Vet. Microbiol. 115, Issues 1–3, 15 June 2006, Pages 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.002.
30. Moon, H. W., B. Nagy., and R. E. Isaacson. 1977. Intestinal colonization and adhesion by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: ultrastructural observations on adherence to ileal epithelium of the pig. J.Infect.Dis. 136 Suppl: 124-129.
31. Chibani-Chennoufi, S., J. Sidoti., A. Bruttin., E. Kutter., S. Sarker., and H. Bru¨ssow. 2004. In Vitro and In Vivo Bacteriolytic Activities of Escherichia coli Phages: Implications for Phage Therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Vol. 48, p. 2558–2569 .No. 7 0066-4804/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2558–2569.2004.
32. Kasman, L. M. 2005. Barriers to coliphage infection of commensal intestinal flora of laboratory mice. Virol. J. 2:24.
33. Smith, H. W., M. B. Huggins., and K. M. Shaw. 1987. The control of experimental Escherichia coli diarrhea in calves by means of bacteriophages. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133: 1111-1126.
34. Bruttin, A., and H. Brussow. 2005. Human volunteer receiving Escherichia coli phage T4 orally: a safety test of phage therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:2874-2878.
35. Projan, S. 2004. Phage -inspired antibiotics? Nature Biotechnol. 22:167-168.
2. Allocati, N., M. Masulli., M.F. Alexeyev., and C. Di Ilio. 2013. Escherichia coli in Europe: An Overview. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 10, 6235-6254; doi:10.3390/ijerph10126235.
3. Kim. J., H. Park., S. Ryu1., and B. Jeon. 2021. Inhibition of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia
coli Using a Broad Host Range Phage Cocktail Targeting Various Bacterial Phylogenetic Groups. Frontiers in Microbiology. 12; 1-10. www.frontiersin.org.
4. Sulakvelidze, A., Z. Alavidze, and J. Glenn Morris, JR. 2001. Bacteriophage therapy. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 45. 649-659.
5. Huff, W. E., G. R. Huff, N. C. Rath, J. M. Balog, and A. M. Donoghue. 2005. Alternatives to antibiotics: utilization of bacteriophage to treat colibacillosis and prevent foodborne pathogens. Poult. Sci. 84: 655-659.
6. Loc-Carrillo, C., and S. T. Abedon. 2011. Pros and cons of phage therapy. Bacteriophage 1:2, 111-114; March/April 2011; © 2011 Landes Bioscience
7. Chegini, Z., A. Khoshbayan., S.Vesal., A. Moradabadi., A. Hashemi., and A. Shariati. 2021. Bacteriophage therapy for inhibition of multi drug‐resistant uropathogenic bacteria: a narrative review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob (2021) 20:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-021-00433-y.
8. Twort, F. W. 1915. An investigation on the nature of ultramicroscopic viruses. Lancet. 16:1241-1243.
9. D’Herelle, F. 1917. Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysenteriques. C. R. Acad. Sci (Paris). 165: 373-375.
10. Campbell, A. 2003. The future of bacteriophage biology. Nature Rev. 4: 471-477.
11. Summers, W. C. 2001. Bacteriophage therapy. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55: 437-451.
12. Jamalludeen, N., R. P. Johnson., P. E. Shewen., and C. L. Gyles.2009. Evaluation of bacteriophages for prevention and treatment of diarrhea due to experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149 infection of pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 136 (2009) 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.10.021.
13. Jassim, S. A. A., and R. G. Limoges. 2014. Natural solution to antibiotic resistance: bacteriophages ‘The Living Drugs’. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 30:2153–2170.
14. Jamalludeen N. M., H. K. Atea., and H. T. Thwiny. 2021. Coliphages Lytic; as a potential biological control agent against E. coli (O157:H7) in a mouse model. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine.Vol. 08, Issue 03. ISSN 2515-8260.
15. Hussain, H. E., A. S. Abdulamir., I. G. Farhood., A. R. Ali., M. A. Al-azzawy. 2023. In vitro and in vivo study for antibacterial activity of endolysin-HEC gel and mixture gel on acne vulgaris caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol Vol 30(1): e242–e257; 11 January 2023. DOI: 10.47750/jptcp.2023.1057.
16. D’Herelle, F. 1926. The bacteriophage and its behavior. The Williams & Wilkins Company. USA. pp. 490-497 & pp. 540-549.
17. Mohammed-Ali, M. N., and N. M. Jamalludeen. 2015. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microb Diagn 2015, 5:1 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000213.
18. Smith, H. W., and M. B. Huggins. 1982. Successful treatment of experimental Escherichia coli infections in mice using phage: its general superiority over antibiotics. J. Gen. Microbiol. 128: 307-318.
19. Smith, H. W., and M. B. Huggins. 1983. Effectiveness of phages in treating experimental Escherichia coli diarrhoea in calves, piglets and lambs. 129: 2659-2675.
20. Slopek, S., B. Weber-Dabrowska., M. Dabrowski., and A. Kucharewicz-Krukowska. 1987. Results of bacteriophage treatment of suppurative bacterial infections in the years 1981-1986. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 35: 569-583.
21. Weber-Dabrowska, B., M. Dabrowski., and S. Slopek. 1987. Studies on phage penetration in patients subjected to phage therapy. Ar ISSN 2515-8260ch. Immunol.Ther.Exp. (Warsz). 35:563-568.
22. Biswas, B., S. Adhya., P. Washart., B. Paul., A. N. Trostel., B. Powell., R. Carlton., and C. R. Merril. 2002. Phage therapy rescues mice bacteremic from a clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Infect.Immun.70:204-210.
23. Huff, W. E., G. R. Huff, N. C. Rath, J. M. Balog, and A. M. Donoghue. 2003. Bacteriophage treatment of a sever Escherichia coli respiratory infection in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 47: 1399-1405.
24. Jamalludeen, N., R. P. Johnson., R. Friendship., A. M. Kropinski., E. J. Lingohr., and C.L. Gyles. 2007. Isolation and characterization of nine bacteriophages that lyse O149 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Veterinary Microbiology 124; 47–57.
25. Jamalludeen, N.M., and D. M. Shakir. 2022. In vitro effect of newly bacteriophages isolates against Escherichia coli serogroups collected from the local hospital laboratory: their specific
characterization and identification. J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci : 11 (6) e5478. https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.5478.
26. Harris, R. J. C. 1954. Biological Application of Freezing and Drying. Academic Press Inc. New York. PP.215-252.
27. Toval, F., CD. Köhler., U. Vogel., F.Wagenlehner., A. Mellmann., A. Fruth., A. Schmidt., H. Karch., M. Bielaszewska., and U. Dobrindta. 2014. Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospital Inpatients or Outpatients with Urinary Tract Infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Vol. 52 Number 2. p. 407– 418.
28. Son, M. S., and R. K. Taylor. 2021. Growth and Maintenance of Escherichia coli Laboratory Strains. Curr Protoc.1(1): e20. doi:10.1002/cpz1.20.
29. Jensen, G. M. K. Frydendahl, O. Svendsen, C. B. Jorgensen, S. Cirera, M. Fredholm, JP. Nielsen, and K. Moller. 2006. Experimental infection with Escherichia coli O149: F4ac in weaned piglets. Vet. Microbiol. 115, Issues 1–3, 15 June 2006, Pages 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.002.
30. Moon, H. W., B. Nagy., and R. E. Isaacson. 1977. Intestinal colonization and adhesion by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: ultrastructural observations on adherence to ileal epithelium of the pig. J.Infect.Dis. 136 Suppl: 124-129.
31. Chibani-Chennoufi, S., J. Sidoti., A. Bruttin., E. Kutter., S. Sarker., and H. Bru¨ssow. 2004. In Vitro and In Vivo Bacteriolytic Activities of Escherichia coli Phages: Implications for Phage Therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Vol. 48, p. 2558–2569 .No. 7 0066-4804/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2558–2569.2004.
32. Kasman, L. M. 2005. Barriers to coliphage infection of commensal intestinal flora of laboratory mice. Virol. J. 2:24.
33. Smith, H. W., M. B. Huggins., and K. M. Shaw. 1987. The control of experimental Escherichia coli diarrhea in calves by means of bacteriophages. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133: 1111-1126.
34. Bruttin, A., and H. Brussow. 2005. Human volunteer receiving Escherichia coli phage T4 orally: a safety test of phage therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:2874-2878.
35. Projan, S. 2004. Phage -inspired antibiotics? Nature Biotechnol. 22:167-168.
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Published
May 5, 2023
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How to Cite
Nidham M. Jamalludeen, Dania M. Shakir, & Mariem N Mohammed-Ali. (2023). Experimental therapeutic challenge of two bacteriophages isolates against E. coli serogroup causing diahrea. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(9), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.09.017
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