Evaluation of levels of (VZV IgG, IL 21, IL - 23 and PLG) among patients with shingle in Thi-Qar Province
Main Article Content
Keywords
Herpes zoster, VZV, cytokines, plasminogen
Abstract
With age, cell-mediated immunity is known to decrease as part of immunosenescence which renders old people more susceptible to cancer and previously encountered infectious diseases such as VZV, Eventually, older people are more susceptible to complications. This research reveals the level of interleukin profile (IL 21 and IL - 23) and assessed the level of VZV IgG antibodies and checking level PLG that reflect cell mediate and humoral immunities in patients with herpes zoster as an attempt to predict the complications of reactivation of the virus. According to the findings of this research, the titer of VZV IgG antibody and serum levels of cytokines IL-21 and IL-23 increased significantly in HZ patients compared to the control group, while HZ patients' plasma plasminogen levels dropped in comparison to the control group.
References
2. Wang, T., Shen, H., Deng, H., Pan, H., He, Q., Ni, H., ... & Yao, M. (2020). Quantitative proteomicanalysis of human plasma using tandem mass tags to identify novel biomarkers for herpes zoster. Journal of proteomics, 225, 103879.
3. Zajkowska, A., Garkowski, A., Świerzbińska, R., Kułakowska, A., Król, M. E., Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek, I., ... & Zajkowska, J. (2016). Evaluation of chosen cytokine levels among patients with herpes zoster as ability to provide immune response. PloS one, 11(3), e0150301.
4. Nair, P.A.; Patel, B.C.(2021) Herpes zoster. In StatPearls [Internet]; StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island, FL, USA.
5. Heininger, U., BRAUN-FAHRLÄNDER, C. H. A. R. L. O. T. T. E., Desgrandchamps, D., Glaus, J., Grize, L., Wutzler, P., ... & SCARPOL TEAM. (2001). Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin G antibodies in Swiss adolescents and risk factor analysis for seronegativity. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 20(8), 775-778.
6. Jones, D., Neff, C. P., Palmer, B. E., Stenmark, K., & Nagel, M. A. (2017). Varicella zoster virus–infected cerebrovascular cells produce a proinflammatory environment. Neurology-Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation, 4(5).
7. Pontejo, S. M., Murphy, P. M., & Pease, J. E. (2018). Chemokine subversion by human herpesviruses. Journal of innate immunity, 10(5-6), 465-478.
8. Patel, N. P. (2018). Investigating strategies to boost cutaneous varicella zoster virus-specific immune responses in ageing humans (Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London)).
9. Wagner, A., & Weinberger, B. (2020). Vaccines to prevent infectious diseases in the older population: immunological challenges and future perspectives. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 717.
10. Zhang, Y., Cosyns, M., Levin, M. J., & Hayward, A. R. (1994). Cytokine production in varicella zoster virus-stimulated limiting dilution lymphocyte cultures. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 98(1), 128-133.
11. Edmunds, W. J., Brisson, M., & Rose, J. D. (2001). The epidemiology of herpes zoster and potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination in England and Wales. Vaccine, 19(23-24), 3076-3090.
12. Otani, N., Baba, K., & Okuno, T. (2009). Interferon-γ release assay: A simple method for detection of varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity. Journal of immunological methods, 351(1-2), 71-74.
13. Zajkowska, A., Garkowski, A., Świerzbińska, R., Kułakowska, A., Król, M. E., Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek, I., ... & Zajkowska, J. (2016). Evaluation of chosen cytokine levels among patients with herpes zoster as ability to provide immune response. PloS one, 11(3), e0150301.
14. Wang, J. P., Kurt-Jones, E. A., Shin, O. S., Manchak, M. D., Levin, M. J., & Finberg, R. W. (2005). Varicella-zoster virus activates inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and macrophages via Toll-like receptor 2. Journal of virology, 79(20), 12658-12666.
15. Fujimura, T., Yamanashi, R., Masuzawa, M., Fujita, Y., Katsuoka, K., Nishiyama, S., ... & Nomoto, K. (1997). Conversion of the CD4+ T cell profile from Th2-dominant type to Th1-dominant type after varicella-zoster virus infection in atopic dermatitis. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 100(2), 274-282.
16. Edmunds, W. J., Brisson, M., & Rose, J. D. (2001). The epidemiology of herpes zoster and potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination in England and Wales. Vaccine, 19(23-24), 3076-3090.
17. Saghafian-Hedengren, S., Sverremark-Ekström, E., Linde, A., Lilja, G., & Nilsson, C. (2010). Early-life EBV infection protects against persistent IgE sensitization. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 125(2), 433-438.
18. Das, R., Ganapathy, S., Settle, M., & Plow, E. F. (2014). Plasminogen promotes macrophage phagocytosis in mice. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 124(5), 679-688.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.