Clinical Profile and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women with an Abnormal Glucose Challenge Test at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh
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Keywords
abnormal glucose challenge tests, body mass index, oral glucose tolerance testing, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to assess the clinical profile and pregnancy outcomes of women with abnormal glucose challenge tests (GCT) in a tertiary care hospital in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent complication during pregnancy, marked by glucose intolerance.
Methods: The research identified 160 pregnant women with abnormal GCT results, defined as plasma glucose ≥140 mg/dL after a 50 g glucose load. The study revealed that 40% of those screened were diagnosed with GDM following diagnostic oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), while 60% did not meet GDM criteria despite abnormal screening.
Results: The analysis highlighted significant associations between maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Women aged ≥30 years, those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m², and those with a previous history of GDM were more likely to develop GDM. Maternal outcomes included gestational hypertension (11.3%), preeclampsia (7.5%), and a higher caesarean delivery rate (40%), particularly in the GDM group (50% vs. 33.3% in normal OGTT). Furthermore, adverse neonatal outcomes were observed, including macrosomia (9.4%), large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants (13.8%), and increased rates of neonatal hypoglycemia (8.8%).
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of considering abnormal glucose metabolism as a spectrum, advocating careful diagnostic evaluation and antenatal surveillance for women with abnormal GCT results. It also signifies the need for heightened awareness and systematic screening, particularly in the North Coastal Andhra Pradesh region, as these findings contribute to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes based on local epidemiological data. However, the study faced limitations, including a small sample size and the focus on short-term outcomes. Larger multicentric studies are suggested for a more comprehensive understanding of GDM risk factors and their implications on pregnancy outcomes.
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