FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL NAIL LACQUER FOR TREATMENT OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Onychomycosis, Fungal nail infection, Herbal nail lacquer, Herbal extracts, Antifungal activity, Topical drug delivery, Nail plate, Film-forming ability, Localized drug delivery, Nail adhesion, Phytoconstituents, Antifungal formulation, Nail lacquer formulation, Topical therapy, Fungal infection
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nails characterized by discoloration, thickening, brittleness, and deformation of the nail plate. Conventional antifungal treatments may require prolonged therapy and can be associated with adverse effects and poor patient compliance. The present study was aimed at the formulation and evaluation of a herbal nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis. Selected herbal extracts possessing potential antifungal properties were incorporated into a suitable nail lacquer base. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters such as appearance, colour, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, drying time, spread ability, film-forming ability, and adhesion to the nail surface. The antifungal activity of the formulations was evaluated against suitable fungal organisms responsible for onychomycosis. The optimized formulation exhibited satisfactory physical characteristics, good film-forming and adhesion properties, and promising antifungal activity. The formulation was able to form a uniform film over the nail surface, which may provide prolonged contact and localized delivery of herbal constituents. The study indicates that herbal nail lacquer may serve as a promising topical approach for the management of onychomycosis. Further stability, safety, in-vivo, and clinical studies are required to establish its therapeutic effectiveness and safety.
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5.https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1476270 Shrihari SS (2021) Sustained Release Nail Lacquer Formulation Containing Combination of Luliconazole and Methyl Salicylate for the Treatment of Onychomycosis.
6.Oran IB, Azer OA. The evolution of Turkey's role in international development: a globalization perspective. Ann Organ Cult Leadersh Extern Engagem J. 2023;4:1-8. doi:10.51847/oNOPb4T9g1
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15.Badola A, Satish, Baluni S. Transungual drug delivery: a novel system. Asian J Pharm Sci Technol. 2015;5(4):227-33.
16.Sveikauskaite I, Briedis V. Effect of film-forming polymers on release of naftifine hydrochloride from nail lacquers. Int J Polym Sci. 2017;2017: Article ID 7602125.
17.Pati NB, Das BK, Dey S, Saha S. Nail drug delivery system: a review. J Adv Pharm Educ Res. 2012;2(3):101-9.
18.Vikas, A., Rashmin, P., Mrunali, P. et al. Mechanistic Insights of Formulation Approaches for the Treatment of Nail Infection: Conventional and Novel Drug Delivery Approaches. AAPS PharmSciTech 21, 67 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-019-1591-9
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22.https://www.chron.com/life/article/Castor-oil-cleared-up-toenail-fungus-13090236.php
23.Shrihari SS (2021) Sustained Release Nail Lacquer Formulation Containing Combination of Luliconazole and Methyl Salicylate for the Treatment of Onychomycosis. Int J Drug Dev and Res Vol.13 No.3.
24.Puri, V.; Savla, R.; Chen, K.; Robinson, K.; Virani, A.; Michniak-Kohn, B. Antifungal Nail Lacquer for Enhanced Transungual Delivery of Econazole Nitrate. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 2204. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102204
25.Farsana. P, Baby Shahanas, Anu Sebastian & Ashly Merin George Formulation and Evaluation of Medicated Tolnaftate Nail Lacquer Global Journal of Medical Research: B Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine Volume 18 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2018
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28.Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1998, 38, 702-704. [Cross Ref]
29.Szepietowski, J.C.; Reich, A.; Garlowska, E.; Kulig, M.; Baran, E.; Group, ft.O.E.S. Factors Influencing Coexistence of Toenail Onychomycosis with Tinea Pedis and Other Dermatomycoses: A Survey of 2761 Patients. Arch. Dermatol. 2006, 142, 1279-1284.
30.[CrossRef] Sigurgeirsson, B., Steingrímsson, O. Risk factors associated with onychomycosis. J. Eur Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2004, 18, 48-51. [Cross Ref] [PubMed]
31.Gupta, A.K.; Taborda, P.; Taborda, V.; Gilmour, J.; Rachlis, A.; Salit, I.; Gupta, M.A.; MacDonald, P.; Cooper, E.A.; Summerbell, R.C. Epidemiology and prevalence of onychomycosis in HIV-positive individuals. Int. J. Dermatol. 2000, 39, 746-753. [Cross Ref] [PubMed]
32.Gupta, A.K.; Daigle, D.; Foley, K.A. The prevalence of culture-confirmed toenail onychomycosis in at-risk patient populations. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol, 2015, 29, 1039-1044. [Cross Ref]
33.Jing, W.; Ismail, R. Mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV infection: A retrospective analysis of 145 cases in a Chinese population in Malaysia. Int. J. Dermatol. 1999, 38, 457-463. [ CrossRef]
34.Pandit AP, Kedar AA, Ranaware SV, Khandelwal KR. Antifungal nail lacquer loaded with extract of Cissus quadrangularis for treatment of onychomycosis. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2020;54(2S):S269-S276. doi:10.5530/ijper.54.2s.83. ◻HERO
35.Romero-Cerecero O, Islas-Garduño AL, Zamilpa A, et al. Double-blind clinical trial for evaluating the effectiveness and tolerability of Ageratina pichinchensis extract on patients with mild to moderate onychomycosis. Planta Med. 2008;74(12):1430-1435. ◻PubMed
36.Romero-Cerecero O, Reyes-Morales H, Aguilar-Santamaría L, et al. Clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of two concentrations of the Ageratina pichinchensis extract in the topical treatment of onychomycosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126(1):74-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.007. ◻ScienceDirect
37.Di Vito M, et al. Green natural nail polish modified with essential oils to treat onychomycosis. Mycoses. 2022; 65:1117-1126. doi:10.1111/myc.13499. ◻PubMed
38.Veiga FF, et al. Propolis extract for onychomycosis topical treatment: From bench to clinic. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9:779. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00779. ◻PubMed
39.Flores FC, Beck RCR, Silva CDB. Essential oils for treatment for onychomycosis: A mini review. Mycopathologia. 2016;181(1-2):9-15. doi:10.1007/s11046-015-9957-3. ◻PubMed
40.Chakrabarty US, Chakraborty A, Roy S, et al. Development and evaluation of tea tree oil infused antifungal nail lacquer: A promising alternative for treating onychomycosis. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2025;16(4):1087-1092. ◻IJPSR
41.Bawaskar A, Keshewar V, Korde P, et al. Formulation and evaluation of herbal essential oil based nail lacquer for management of onychomycosis. IJPS Journal. 2025;3(5): Article IJPS/250305728. ◻IJPS Open Access
42.Wazulkar V, Jadhav A, Deshmukh S. Formulation and evaluation of herbal nail lacquer for treatment of onychomycosis. IJPS Journal. 2025. ◻IJPSR
43.Kattupalli P, Srinivasa Babu P, Niharika, et al. Formulation and evaluation of herbal nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis. IOSR J Dent
44.Umadevi A, Dhanush V, Gokul Rao, Kesavan K. A review on herbal nail lacquer: A novel formulation for antifungal activity and nail care. Int J Creative Res Thoughts. 2025;13(2). ◻ir.vistas.ac.in
45.Kriti K, Taj SA, Yadav VK, et al. Development and in-vitro characterization of a phytochemical-enriched nail lacquer from Lawsonia inermis extract for the management of onychomycosis. Int J Aquatic Res Environ Stud. 2026;6(S5). doi:10.70102/IJARES/V6S5/6 S5-1196. ◻Injoere
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Sep 14, 2026
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Ra.C.Durgalakshmi, Dinesh Kumar G, Sandhiya S, Rasanitha A, Allimuthu M, Osman Mahamedahmed Mansour, & Divya S. (2026). FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL NAIL LACQUER FOR TREATMENT OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 33(2), 1284-1321. https://doi.org/10.67145/3d3tah59
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How to Cite
Ra.C.Durgalakshmi, Dinesh Kumar G, Sandhiya S, Rasanitha A, Allimuthu M, Osman Mahamedahmed Mansour, & Divya S. (2026). FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL NAIL LACQUER FOR TREATMENT OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 33(2), 1284-1321. https://doi.org/10.67145/3d3tah59
