COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND PERFORMANCE OF A PROTOTYPE VEIN DETECTOR FOR LOW RESOURCE SETTINGS: AN APPROACH USING THE NEAR INFRARED SPECTRUM
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Keywords
Anti-Oxidant Activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Ruellia tuberosa, Total phenolic
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the vein detectability of a prototype (do-it-yourself) vein detector as an efficient and affordable portable device, which can greatly aid in cannulation and improved patient care in low resource settings.
Methodology: A comparative study was carried out at the Pediatric and Medicine wards of HIT Hospital, Taxila Cantt. All eligible patients admitted were consecutively recruited, resulting in a total sample size of 81 participants. Each subject was sequentially assessed for median cubital vein visibility using both the DIY vein detector and a commercial neonatal intensive care unit-grade standard detector. The visibility of veins was recorded as either visible or not visible by two independent observers, and the findings were correlated with variables such as age, gender, skin tone, and body mass index. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26. Inter-observer reliability was evaluated using Cohen’s Kappa coefficient to determine agreement between observers.
Results: The median cubital vein detection with the DIY vein detector had an average vein visualization rate of 90.75%, whereas the gold standard had an average of 88.9%. Interrater reliability was tested, a Kappa score of 0.78 established a substantial agreement between the two observers. General vein visibility was outlying as the interrater Kappa statistic was 0.000 meaning that there is no meaningful consensus. A considerable correlation between Median Cubital vein visibility and BMI was found (p<0.004) in our DIY vein detector which was non-attributable to the gold standard vein detector.
Conclusion: The DIY alternative has demonstrated promising outcomes, particularly noting limitations in subjects with higher body mass index. While the observed results could potentially be attributed to chance, they are compelling and offer a glimmer of optimism for the development of vein detectors like ours as cost-effective alternatives that could match or even surpass the efficiency of pricier models.
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