ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN ENT INFECTIONS: A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL–BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM NORTH INDIA
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Keywords
Antibiotic resistance; ENT infections; multidrug resistance; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antimicrobial susceptibility; North India.
Abstract
Background:Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating global health concern, significantly affecting the management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections. Empirical antibiotic therapy without culture guidance has contributed to increasing resistance among common ENT pathogens, particularly in developing countries.
Objectives:To determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates obtained from patients with ENT infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India.
Methods:A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to August 2022. A total of 166 bacterial isolates obtained from clinically diagnosed ENT infections were included. Specimens were processed using standard microbiological techniques, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, and results were expressed in frequency and percentage.
Results:Among 166 isolates, chronic suppurative otitis media was the most common infection (34.9%). Staphylococcus aureus(32.5%) was the predominant organism, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(16.9%). High resistance was observed to ampicillin (71.0% in Gram-positive and 78.3% in Gram-negative isolates) and erythromycin (63.8%). Third-generation cephalosporins also showed considerable resistance (62.8% in Gram-negative isolates). Lower resistance was noted for vancomycin, linezolid, piperacillin-tazobactam, and carbapenems. Overall, 41.0% of isolates were multidrug resistant.
Conclusion:ENT infections in this tertiary care setting show a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms, limiting the effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics. Regular surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs are essential to guide rational therapy and reduce the burden of resistance.
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Dr Omar Mohammad Shafi
Associate Professor, Department of ENT, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dr Neha Singh
Associate Professor, Department of ENT, I-care Institute of Medical Sciences, Haldia, West Bengal, India.
Dr Sonu Kumar Singh
Associate Professor, Department of ENT, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dr Jatin Prajapati
Post Graduate Student, Department of Community Medicine, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
