EVALUATION OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE AND LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID DYSFUNCTION.
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Keywords
Thyroid dysfunction, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Lipid profile, Liver function tests, Dyslipidemia.
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction is frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities, particularly alterations in lipid metabolism and liver function. Both overt and subclinical thyroid disorders may influence serum lipid levels and hepatic biochemical parameters, even in individuals with minimal or no clinical symptoms.
Aim: To evaluate and compare serum lipid profile and liver function test parameters among euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid individuals.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous State Medical College, Kanpur Dehat, from October 2024 to September 2025. A total of 129 adult participants were included. After an overnight fast of 8–10 hours, venous blood samples were collected for estimation of lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL) and liver function tests (serum bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and albumin). Participants were categorized into euthyroid, hypothyroid (overt and subclinical), and hyperthyroid (overt and subclinical) groups based on thyroid function status. Statistical analysis was performed to compare biochemical parameters across groups.
Results: Of the 129 participants, 58% were euthyroid, 27% hypothyroid, and 15% hyperthyroid. Hypothyroid individuals demonstrated significantly higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, along with lower HDL levels, indicating an atherogenic lipid profile (p < 0.05). Hyperthyroid participants showed comparatively lower lipid levels but significantly elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase) and serum bilirubin (p < 0.05). Total protein and serum albumin levels were highest in euthyroid subjects and lowest in hyperthyroid individuals. All observed differences across thyroid categories were statistically significant.
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction significantly influences lipid profile and liver function parameters. Hypothyroidism is predominantly associated with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk, while hyperthyroidism is linked to altered liver enzyme activity and protein metabolism. Routine evaluation of lipid profile and liver function tests in patients with thyroid disorders may aid in early detection and prevention of long-term metabolic complications.
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Dr. Sharvan Kumar Bhargawa
Associate Professor) Department of Pathology, Government Medical college, Badaun.
Dr. Vimal Yadav
Assistant Professor) Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous State Medical College, Kanpur Dehat
Dr. Harjeet Singh
Assistant Professor) Department of Biochemistry, Mahamaya Rajkiya Allopathic Medical College, Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.
