RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL MANIFESTATIONS IN THE LONG BONES AND SPINE IN RELATION TO THYROID HORMONAL DISORDERS.

Abstract

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining bone mineral homeostasis and skeletal integrity. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can alter bone remodeling, potentially leading to osteopenia, osteoporosis, and increased fracture risk. This study aimed to analyze the radiological skeletal manifestations in the long bones and spine of patients with thyroid hormonal disorders and to correlate these findings with thyroid function status.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, in collaboration with the Department of Anatomy at Sarojini Naidu Medical College Agra, and Mahamaya Rajkiya Allopathic Medical College, Ambedkar Nagar from October 2024 to March 2025. A total of 129 subjects were included—60 hypothyroid (Group I), 44 hyperthyroid (Group II), and 25 euthyroid controls (Group III). Standard radiological imaging of long bones and spine was performed, and findings were compared among groups. Statistical analysis was done to determine the significance of differences.

Results: Radiological abnormalities were significantly more frequent in thyroid disorder groups compared to controls. Generalized osteopenia was observed in 58% of hypothyroid and 66% of hyperthyroid patients (p < 0.001). Cortical thinning and coarse trabecular patterns were also prevalent (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). In the spine, decreased vertebral bone density was seen in 53.3% of hypothyroid and 68.2% of hyperthyroid patients (p < 0.001). Biconcave vertebrae and compression deformities were also more common among thyroid disorder groups. Females were predominantly affected across all groups.

Conclusion: Thyroid hormonal disorders are associated with significant skeletal changes detectable through radiological imaging, primarily osteopenia, cortical thinning, and reduced vertebral bone density. Early imaging assessment in patients with thyroid dysfunction is recommended to detect bone loss and prevent fracture-related complications.