Assessment of selected biochemical and immunological parameters after treatment by Cosmetic Procedures
Main Article Content
Keywords
effect, botulinum toxin, BOTOX, hyaluronic acid, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, immunological parameters
Abstract
Background: The use of non-invasive cosmetic procedures such as Botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid filler (HA) are commonly used in cosmetic and therapeutic. However, BOTOX therapy is generally considered safe and without significant adverse effects. However, these treatments' impacts must be understood and investigated thoroughly. The objective of this prospective study was to
evaluate the impact of using injections of hyaluronic acid filler (HA) and BOTOX on some human biochemical parameters, CBC, and inflammatory markers.
Methods: Eighty-five subjects who have undergone BOTOX and/or HA injections were recruited. Samples of study and control groups were collected into EDTA for CBC and serum tubes for the analysis of the rest of the parameters.
Results: Our results revealed that using BOTOX and HA filler has no significant effect on ALT, AST, GGT, and CK-MB levels (p-value > 0.05). While there was a decrease in ALP level in subjects injected with both BOTOX and HA filler. Moreover, we discovered that two of our study groups had significantly higher serum LDH levels than the control group. CRP, TNF-α, and IL-17 were elevated in the study group compared with the control group. However, this difference was statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: Accordingly, using BOTOX and HA filler may result in mild changes in clinical laboratory tests. Future investigations are now necessary to highlight the influence of these cosmetic procedures on various clinical laboratory parameters.
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439, 195-201.
32. Sica, D. A., & Mannino, R. (2007). Antihypertensive medications and anemia. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 9(9), 723-727.
33. Chakmakchy, S. A., Al-Byti, A. M., & Waheeb, A. A. The immunological response toward botulinum toxin in individuals with facial
rejuvenation. Annals of Tropical Medicine Public Health. 2020;23:413-6.
34. Li, L., Wang, D., Wang, X., Bai, R., Wang, C., Gao, Y., & Anastassiades, T. (2019). NButyrylated hyaluronic acid ameliorates gout and hyperuricemia in animal models. Pharmaceutical biology, 57(1), 717-728.
35. Pingel, J., Nielsen, M. S., Lauridsen, T., Rix, K., Bech, M., Alkjaer, T., ... & Feidenhansl, R. (2017). Injection of high dose botulinum-toxin A
leads to impaired skeletal muscle function and damage of the fibrilar and non-fibrilar structures. Scientific reports, 7(1), 14746.
36. Gough, P., & Myles, I. A. (2020). Tumor necrosis factor receptors: pleiotropic signaling complexes and their differential effects. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 585880.
37. Ali, D. M., Abdelzaher, W. Y., & Abdel-Hafez, S. M. N. (2018). Evaluation of the rivastigmine role against botulinum toxin-A-induced
osteoporosis in albino rats: A biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Human & experimental toxicology, 37(12), 1323-1335.
2. Chuang, J., Barnes, C., & Wong, B. J. (2016). Overview of facial plastic surgery and current developments. The Surgery Journal, 2(01), e17-e28.
3. Bowler, P. J. (2009). Impact on facial rejuvenation with dermatological preparations. Clinical interventions in aging, 81-89.
4. ISAPS. The international survey on aesthetic/cosmetic procedure. International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2019.
5. Nigam, P. K., & Nigam, A. (2010). Botulinum toxin. Indian journal of dermatology, 55(1), 8.
6. Dressler, D., & Saberi, F. A. (2005). Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action. European neurology, 53(1), 3-9.
7. Satriyasa, B. K. (2019). Botulinum toxin (Botox) A for reducing the appearance of facial wrinkles: a literature review of clinical use and pharmacological aspect. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 223-228.
8. Witmanowski, H., & Błochowiak, K. (2020). The whole truth about botulinum toxin–a review. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 37(6), 853-861.
9. Bukhari, S. N. A., Roswandi, N. L., Waqas, M., Habib, H., Hussain, F., Khan, S., ... & Hussain, Z. (2018). Hyaluronic acid, a promising skin
rejuvenating biomedicine: A review of recent updates and pre-clinical and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic effects. International journal of biological macromolecules, 120, 1682-1695.
10. Alam, M., & Tung, R. (2018). Injection technique in neurotoxins and fillers: indications, products, and outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 79(3), 423-435.
11. Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-
258.
12. Gold, M. H. (2007). Use of hyaluronic acid fillers for the treatment of the aging face. Clinical interventions in aging, 2(3), 369-376.
13. Gupta, R. C., Lall, R., Srivastava, A., & Sinha, A. (2019). Hyaluronic acid: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic trajectory. Frontiers in veterinary science, 192.
14. Narurkar, V. A., Fabi, S. G., Bucay, V. W., Tedaldi, R., Downie, J. B., Zeichner, J. A., ... & Vega, V. L. (2016). Rejuvenating hydrator:
restoring epidermal hyaluronic acid homeostasis with instant benefits. J Drugs Dermatol, 15(1 Suppl 2), s24-s37.
15. Dayan, S. H., Bacos, J. T., Ho, T. V. T., Gandhi, N. D., Gutierrez‐Borst, S., & Kalbag, A. (2019). Topical skin therapies in subjects undergoing full facial rejuvenation. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 798-805.
16. Scharschmidt, D., Preiß, S., Brähler, E., Fischer, T., & Borkenhagen, A. (2017). Body experience and self-esteem after minimally invasive skin
rejuvenation: study of female patients using botulinum toxin A and/or dermal fillers. Der Hautarzt, 68, 959-967.
17. Stojanovič, L., & Majdič, N. (2019). Effectiveness and safety of hyaluronic acid fillers used to enhance overall lip fullness: a systematic
review of clinical studies. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(2), 436-443.
18. Nguyen Trong, H., Thi Phuong, T. V., Nguyen Van T, T. H., Dinh Huu, N., Nguyet, M. V., Tran Hau, K., ... & Lotti, T. (2019). The Efficacy and
Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Microinjection for Skin Rejuvenation in Vietnam. Open Access Maced J Med Sci.
19. Abduljabbar, M. H., & Basendwh, M. A. (2016). Complications of hyaluronic acid fillers and their managements. Journal of Dermatology &
Dermatologic Surgery, 20(2), 100-106.
20. Gilbert, E., Hui, A., Meehan, S., & Waldorf, H. A. (2012). The basic science of dermal fillers: past and present Part II: adverse effects. Journal
of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD, 11(9), 1069-1077.
21. Ozturk, C. N., Li, Y., Tung, R., Parker, L., Piliang, M. P., & Zins, J. E. (2013). Complications following injection of soft-tissue
fillers. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 33(6), 862-877.
22. Zhang, W., Xie, Y., Liu, W., Lei, J., & Liu, Y. (2018). Combination therapy of botulinum toxin type A and hyaluronic acid filler for facial
rejuvenation. Int J Clin Exp Med, 11(5), 5033-8.
23. Badar, M., Qamar Mahmood, K., & Batool, F. Effect of Toxins (Microcystines, Shiga & Botulinum) on Liver Functions.
24. Seo, M. S., Kim, Y. I., Kang, K. K., Oh, S. K., Sung, S. E., Jung, Y. S., ... & Kim, K. S. (2019). Comparison study of the response with botulinum
toxin muscle injection in the ICR mice from three different sources. Laboratory Animal Research, 35(1), 1-8.
25. He, W. W., Kuang, M. J., Zhao, J., Sun, L., Lu, B., Wang, Y., ... & Ma, X. L. (2017). Efficacy and safety of intraarticular hyaluronic acid and
corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: a metaanalysis. International Journal of Surgery, 39, 95-103.
26. Chanthick, C., & Thongboonkerd, V. (2020). Effects of Hyaluronic Acid on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization, Growth, Aggregation, Adhesion
on Renal Tubular Cells, and Invasion Through Extracellular Matrix. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(Supplement_2), 13-13.
27. Du, G., He, P., Zhao, J., He, C., Jiang, M., Zhang, Z., ... & Sun, X. (2021). Polymeric microneedlemediated transdermal delivery of melittin for
rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Journal of Controlled Release, 336, 537-548.
28. Baxmann, A. C., Ahmed, M. S., Marques, N. C., Menon, V. B., Pereira, A. B., Kirsztajn, G. M., & Heilberg, I. P. (2008). Influence of muscle mass
and physical activity on serum and urinary creatinine and serum cystatin C. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 3(2),
348-354.
29. Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., & Kashani, K. (2016). Serum creatinine level, a surrogate of muscle mass, predicts mortality in
critically ill patients. Journal of thoracic disease, 8(5), E305.
30. Kumar, P., Nagarajan, A., & Uchil, P. D. (2018). Analysis of cell viability by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Cold Spring Harbor
Protocols, 2018(6), pdb-prot095497.
31. Brouwer, N., & van Pelt, J. (2015). Validation and evaluation of eight commercially available point of care CRP methods. Clinica chimica acta,
439, 195-201.
32. Sica, D. A., & Mannino, R. (2007). Antihypertensive medications and anemia. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 9(9), 723-727.
33. Chakmakchy, S. A., Al-Byti, A. M., & Waheeb, A. A. The immunological response toward botulinum toxin in individuals with facial
rejuvenation. Annals of Tropical Medicine Public Health. 2020;23:413-6.
34. Li, L., Wang, D., Wang, X., Bai, R., Wang, C., Gao, Y., & Anastassiades, T. (2019). NButyrylated hyaluronic acid ameliorates gout and hyperuricemia in animal models. Pharmaceutical biology, 57(1), 717-728.
35. Pingel, J., Nielsen, M. S., Lauridsen, T., Rix, K., Bech, M., Alkjaer, T., ... & Feidenhansl, R. (2017). Injection of high dose botulinum-toxin A
leads to impaired skeletal muscle function and damage of the fibrilar and non-fibrilar structures. Scientific reports, 7(1), 14746.
36. Gough, P., & Myles, I. A. (2020). Tumor necrosis factor receptors: pleiotropic signaling complexes and their differential effects. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 585880.
37. Ali, D. M., Abdelzaher, W. Y., & Abdel-Hafez, S. M. N. (2018). Evaluation of the rivastigmine role against botulinum toxin-A-induced
osteoporosis in albino rats: A biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Human & experimental toxicology, 37(12), 1323-1335.
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Published
Mar 6, 2023
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Abdullah Salim Al-Karawi, Ali Mahmoud Atoom, Safwan Mahmoud Al-Adwan, & Sofia Wasfi Adwan. (2023). Assessment of selected biochemical and immunological parameters after treatment by Cosmetic Procedures. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(2), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.1099
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