Association of Renal Function with Serum Parameters and CD4 Count in Patients on Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Keywords
Renal Function, HIV/AIDS, Tenofovir (TDF) Toxicity , CD4 Count, Biochemical Markers
Abstract
Background: HIV infection, primarily caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), has become chronic condition with advent of multi-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART can lead to adverse effects, including renal dysfunction, especially in patients receiving tenofovir-based regimens.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of renal dysfunction and identify its clinical and biochemical predictors—including serum creatinine, serum potassium, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and CD4 count—in patients receiving Tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy.
Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted at ART clinic of SMS Medical College, Jaipur, from March 2023 to January 2024. Study included 300 HIV patients on Tenofovir-based ART for at least six months. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data, including renal function, serum parameters, and CD4 counts, were collected by pre-validated and pretested structured questionnaire on convenient sampling. Data analysis by SPSS vr25.
Results: Among 300 HIV patients on Tenofovir-based ART for ≥6 months, 45% had mildly decreased renal function, while 0.3% experienced kidney failure. Mean age was 37.97 years(SD 11.15), with age showing a significant association with renal function(p <0.001); younger participants predominantly had normal renal function, whereas older age groups had higher impairment rates. Serum potassium (mean 4.5 mmol/L) and albumin(mean 3.8 g/dL) levels were also significantly associated with renal dysfunction(p <0.001). Additionally, 87% of patients had undetectable viral loads, primarily among those with normal or mildly decreased renal function.
Conclusion: Age, body weight, serum potassium, and albumin levels are significant predictors of renal function in HIV patients on Tenofovir-based ART. These findings highlight need for targeted monitoring to preserve renal health in this population.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Mohammed Mufeeth
Asst. Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur , Rajasthan
Deepak Muraleedharan
Asst. Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kerala
Jayadevan R
Asst. Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College, Siruvachur, Tamil Nadu
Neethu E
Asst. Professor, Department of Community Medicine, RUHS, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Abhishek Agarwal
Senior Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan
